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Questions and Answers
What major economic shift occurred in agriculture during Deng Xiaoping's reforms?
What major economic shift occurred in agriculture during Deng Xiaoping's reforms?
Which of the following correctly describes the political environment after Mao's death?
Which of the following correctly describes the political environment after Mao's death?
What was the primary intention of the four modernizations proposed by Deng Xiaoping?
What was the primary intention of the four modernizations proposed by Deng Xiaoping?
What effect did the reforms in the 1980s have on China's economy?
What effect did the reforms in the 1980s have on China's economy?
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What happened to the peasants' land during the political turmoil mentioned?
What happened to the peasants' land during the political turmoil mentioned?
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What event marked the beginning of a full-scale war between Japan and China in 1937?
What event marked the beginning of a full-scale war between Japan and China in 1937?
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By the end of 1938, what major area had been occupied by Japanese troops?
By the end of 1938, what major area had been occupied by Japanese troops?
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What strategy did the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under Mao adopt during the war?
What strategy did the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under Mao adopt during the war?
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Which figure was known as the head of the secret police in the KMT regime?
Which figure was known as the head of the secret police in the KMT regime?
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What was the primary military situation from 1938 to 1945 regarding Japan's presence in China?
What was the primary military situation from 1938 to 1945 regarding Japan's presence in China?
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How did Chiang Kai-shek manage the supplies sent from Britain and the USA?
How did Chiang Kai-shek manage the supplies sent from Britain and the USA?
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What was one characteristic of Wang Jingwei's regime during the collaboration with Japan?
What was one characteristic of Wang Jingwei's regime during the collaboration with Japan?
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Which area was primarily controlled by the Chinese Communist Party during the conflict?
Which area was primarily controlled by the Chinese Communist Party during the conflict?
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What significant action did Beijing University students take on January 5, 1987?
What significant action did Beijing University students take on January 5, 1987?
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What was Deng Xiaoping's stance towards the democracy movement according to the content?
What was Deng Xiaoping's stance towards the democracy movement according to the content?
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What sparked a series of protests and sit-ins after Hu Yaobang's death?
What sparked a series of protests and sit-ins after Hu Yaobang's death?
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Which event contributed to the students believing they would not be crushed by the CCP?
Which event contributed to the students believing they would not be crushed by the CCP?
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What was one of the major disappointments students had during Deng Xiaoping's rule?
What was one of the major disappointments students had during Deng Xiaoping's rule?
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What characterized Hu Yaobang's relationship with the CCP before his removal?
What characterized Hu Yaobang's relationship with the CCP before his removal?
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What action did transport workers take to support the students during the protests?
What action did transport workers take to support the students during the protests?
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What was Deng Xiaoping's view on political participation in China?
What was Deng Xiaoping's view on political participation in China?
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What was the main focus of the CCP prior to the civil war with the KMT?
What was the main focus of the CCP prior to the civil war with the KMT?
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What was the significance of the Nanjing Incident?
What was the significance of the Nanjing Incident?
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What was the nature of the atrocities during the Japanese occupation of Nanking?
What was the nature of the atrocities during the Japanese occupation of Nanking?
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Who were John Rabe and Minnie Vantrin in the context of the Nanjing Incident?
Who were John Rabe and Minnie Vantrin in the context of the Nanjing Incident?
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What was Operation Ichigo primarily aimed at achieving?
What was Operation Ichigo primarily aimed at achieving?
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What was the outcome of the USSR's invasion of Manchuria post-World War II?
What was the outcome of the USSR's invasion of Manchuria post-World War II?
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Following World War II, what was the status of CCP base areas in Manchuria?
Following World War II, what was the status of CCP base areas in Manchuria?
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How did the CCP acquire industrial equipment following WWII?
How did the CCP acquire industrial equipment following WWII?
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What was Zhao's fate after he promised to address the students' issues?
What was Zhao's fate after he promised to address the students' issues?
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What happened when news broke about the decision to continue the hunger strike?
What happened when news broke about the decision to continue the hunger strike?
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How did Deng respond to the protests in Tiananmen Square?
How did Deng respond to the protests in Tiananmen Square?
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What was the Chinese government’s strategy according to the PLA commanders?
What was the Chinese government’s strategy according to the PLA commanders?
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Why did Deng choose not to use non-fatal methods to disperse the protesters?
Why did Deng choose not to use non-fatal methods to disperse the protesters?
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What was the outcome for leaders who opposed the massacre?
What was the outcome for leaders who opposed the massacre?
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What does the principle of guardianship imply in the context of the Party?
What does the principle of guardianship imply in the context of the Party?
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What does the dual structure of party and government refer to?
What does the dual structure of party and government refer to?
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What was one significant outcome of the Great Leap Forward (GLF) that led to Mao's resignation?
What was one significant outcome of the Great Leap Forward (GLF) that led to Mao's resignation?
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Who were the three main leaders of China after Mao's resignation in 1959?
Who were the three main leaders of China after Mao's resignation in 1959?
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What prompted Mao to declare the need for a Cultural Revolution in the mid-1960s?
What prompted Mao to declare the need for a Cultural Revolution in the mid-1960s?
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What event did Mao use to signal the beginning of the Cultural Revolution?
What event did Mao use to signal the beginning of the Cultural Revolution?
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What was the primary goal of the Cultural Revolution as envisioned by Mao?
What was the primary goal of the Cultural Revolution as envisioned by Mao?
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How did Mao view education and culture during the Cultural Revolution?
How did Mao view education and culture during the Cultural Revolution?
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What did Mao encourage the youth of China to do during the Cultural Revolution?
What did Mao encourage the youth of China to do during the Cultural Revolution?
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What was a significant action taken by Mao in response to the perceived failures of his economic policies?
What was a significant action taken by Mao in response to the perceived failures of his economic policies?
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Study Notes
Japanese Invasion of China
- Modern Japanese armies swept south into China, despite the United Front.
- The Marco Polo Bridge incident in 1937 marked the start of a full-scale war that lasted until 1945.
- By 1938, there were one million Japanese troops in China. By the end of the war, most of China's ports, industry, and commercial centers along the coast had been occupied.
- Chiang and the KMT retreated to Sichuan.
- By the start of World War II, China had been virtually conquered.
Three Chinas?
- Chiang and the KMT were based in Chongqing, using authoritarian rule and secret police, effectively penetrating CCP and Japanese-controlled areas.
- The CCP was based in Yanan using Authoritarian rule and secret police. Kang Sheng was the leader of the secret police.
- Wang Jingwei formed a rival government in alliance with Japan in 1940 outside of Chiang's control.
China 1938-1945
- Japan's progress was hampered by resource and manpower limitations.
- Britain and the U.S. supplied Chiang with materials from Burma.
- Japan focused militarily on the Pacific War in 1941.
- CCP and KMT both fought against Japan.
- Even in occupied areas, Japan did not achieve total control.
CCP Victory and a New Order
- Japan occupied Manchuria and coastal cities.
- Communist base areas emerged.
- KMT capital moved to Chongqing.
- USSR invaded Manchuria in accordance with the Yalta Agreement.
- USSR occupied most of Manchuria.
- Negotiations between KMT and CCP took place, with US involvement.
- The US Marshal Mission, led by General Marshall, aimed to unite the country.
- Massive US aid in equipment was sent to the KMT.
- USSR delayed withdrawal from Manchuria.
- Mao moved troops into Manchuria as Russians delayed withdrawal.
- Mao used standard battle tactics.
- CCP forces led by Lin Biao took troops to link with PLA forces and took control of most of Manchuria.
- Beijing surrendered in 1949.
Civil War (1949)
- CCP gained control.
- Huaihai campaign was significant, with significant numbers of troops on both sides.
- The conquest of South China occurred in December 1949.
- Mao disregarded Stalin's suggestion for a pause to avoid US reaction.
- Communist control occurred in April of 1949.
Why did the CCP Win?
- Excellent leadership.
- Strong support from the population.
- Superior military strategy and tactics.
- Effective use of popular support and propaganda.
- Poor leadership in the KMT with many military errors.
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Description
This quiz explores the Japanese invasion of China during the years 1937 to 1945, focusing on key events, military strategies, and the political landscape. Learn about the implications of the Marco Polo Bridge incident and the dynamics between the KMT, CCP, and the Japanese forces. Test your knowledge on this pivotal period in Chinese history.
