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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is involved in the innate immune response in higher mammals?
Which among the following belongs to the family 'Retroviridae'?
Which of the following is a glycolipid?
Which bacterial component contains 'dipicolinic acid'?
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The fossilization process in which mineral-rich water penetrates through the pores of decomposed organic matter is known as _____.
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A random fluctuation in gene frequency is called:
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The number of 'Barr Bodies' present in a somatic cell of a woman suffering from Turner syndrome is ____.
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Which of the following are produced by Mangrove trees to survive in the waterlogged swampy forests?
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What effect does a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin have on red blood cells?
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In bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions, which of the following statements is true regarding the configuration at a chiral center?
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What is a characteristic of the reaction intermediate in some nucleophilic substitution reactions?
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How does the solvation of the nucleophile affect bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions?
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What is the maximum number of hydrogen bonds a water molecule can form in its liquid state?
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What is the principal focus location of an object placed in front of a concave lens?
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What is the average of all positive even integers less than or equal to 40?
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How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes are present in a normal human?
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What is the correct velocity of an enzyme following Michaelis-Menten kinetics when [S]=KM?
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Which of the following represents the net equation for aerobic glycolysis?
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What oxidation state can flavin mononucleotide (FMN) adopt in the electron transport chain?
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Which σ factor is primarily responsible for transcription during the stationary phase in bacteria?
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What physiological change occurs when there is a rise in cytosolic calcium ion concentration immediately after fertilization in a sea urchin egg?
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What follows the ascending limb of the 'loop of Henle' in a nephron?
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In Michaelis-Menten kinetics, what happens to the velocity when substrate concentration is considerably less than KM?
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Which of the following options describes a function of the σ factor in bacterial transcription?
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Which process can interrupt the transpirational pull in plants?
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How can plasmids be transferred into animal cells?
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What type of linkage is found in archaeal cell membranes?
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Which of the following organisms is classified as a producer in an ecological system?
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Which substance acts as a wound hormone in plants?
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What is the temperature (in K) at which the resistance of a metal becomes 20% more than its resistance at 300 K, given a temperature coefficient of resistance of 2.0 × 10^-4 /K?
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In the 1H NMR spectrum of ethanol at 400 MHz, how many peaks does the methyl group split into?
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How many bands will pure intact adult human hemoglobin yield in a denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiment?
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What is the ratio v1/v2 if a man throws a ball vertically up to a height of 12 m with an initial velocity v1 of 12 m/s, and the same ball reaches the same maximum height with an initial velocity v2?
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What is the acceleration due to gravity (m/s²) on a planet with a radius 1/4th that of Earth and mass 1/80th that of Earth?
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If the potential difference to accelerate an electron is quadrupled, what factor does the de Broglie wavelength of the electron beam change?
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What will be the best resolution (in nm) of a confocal microscope using 500 nm light for imaging?
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According to Hardy-Weinberg’s law, what is the frequency of the 'Aa' genotype in the next generation if the frequency of the 'A' allele is 0.7?
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Study Notes
Immune Response and Viruses
- Innate immune response in higher mammals involves Toll-like receptors.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) belongs to the Retroviridae family.
Cellular Components and Processes
- Cerebroside is classified as a glycolipid.
- Dipicolinic acid is a component of bacterial endospores.
- Fossilization where mineral-rich water penetrates organic matter is known as petrifaction.
- Genetic drift refers to random fluctuations in gene frequency.
Genetics and Chromosomes
- Turner syndrome in females results in zero Barr Bodies in somatic cells.
- Plasmid transfer into animal cells can occur through electroporation, liposome-mediated processes, or calcium chloride treatment.
Ecology and Plant Biology
- Mangrove trees utilize adaptations to survive in waterlogged swampy environments, categorized under K selection.
- Producers in ecosystems include macrophytes, phytoplankton, and cyanobacteria.
Biochemical Kinetics
- For an enzyme following Michaelis-Menten kinetics, when substrate concentration equals KM, the reaction velocity is 0.5 × Vmax.
- Net equation for aerobic glycolysis produces 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH from glucose, ADP, and inorganic phosphate.
Electron Transport Chain and Bacterial Transcription
- Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) can adopt a maximum oxidation state of 3, capable of accepting or donating 1 or 2 electrons.
- In bacteria, the σ factor crucial for transcription in the stationary phase is σ32.
Fertilization and Nephron Function
- Post-fertilization in sea urchin eggs, a rise in cytosolic calcium leads to the formation of the fertilization envelope.
- The nephron structure indicates that the distal tubule follows the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
Plant Hormones and Reactions
- Wound hormones in plants are associated with the adaptation of hemoglobin's oxygen-binding capacity and implications for malaria resistance.
- Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions exhibit inversion of configuration at chiral centers and enhanced rates in polar solvents.
General Knowledge in Physics and Mathematics
- During vertical throws, variables such as height and initial velocity can determine the ratio of initial velocities.
- Acceleration due to gravity on a planet with altered mass and radius involves formulation based on Earth’s gravity.
- Hardy-Weinberg principle can predict genotype frequencies in a population based on allele frequencies.
- A quadrupled potential difference significantly lowers the de Broglie wavelength concerning a beam of electrons.
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Description
Test your knowledge on biotechnology with this JAM 2022 quiz focusing on fundamental concepts and questions related to innate immune responses and viral families. Can you identify the correct receptors and classifications? Challenge yourself with 10 thought-provoking questions.
