Questions and Answers
What is DNA fingerprinting used for?
Identify a person based on their unique DNA code
What is gel electrophoresis used for?
Separate DNA fragments by length
Which of the following are advantages of GMO crops? (Select all that apply)
What does it mean when a gene is expressed?
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What is PCR used for?
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Why is a GFP gene often combined with another gene to be inserted?
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What does each individual band in a DNA fingerprint represent?
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Why is it often necessary to amplify DNA found at a crime scene?
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What is the function of restriction enzymes?
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What is recombinant DNA?
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What charge does DNA possess?
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What are some disadvantages of GMOs like soybeans or tomatoes? (Select all that apply)
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What must be true of the donor and receiver in creating recombinant DNA?
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What partly determines the rate at which DNA moves through gel during electrophoresis?
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What is the function of DNA ligase?
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Study Notes
DNA Fingerprinting
- Method used by forensic scientists to identify individuals based on unique DNA profiles.
- Useful in criminal investigations and paternity tests.
Gel Electrophoresis
- Technique employed to separate DNA fragments by size.
- DNA is placed in a gel and subjected to an electric current, allowing smaller fragments to migrate faster.
Advantages of GMO Crops
- Require less water, benefiting water conservation.
- Decrease the need for pesticides, reducing chemical usage in agriculture.
- Potential for higher yields, enhancing food production efficiency and speed.
Gene Expression
- Occurs when a gene is activated, resulting in observable traits or functions in an organism.
- Fundamental for understanding genetics and the function of traits.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- Laboratory technique for amplifying small samples of DNA.
- Enables the production of millions of copies from a minute initial sample, essential for genetic analysis.
GFP Gene in Genetic Manipulation
- A green fluorescent protein gene is combined with another gene to visualize successful insertion.
- The fluorescence serves as an indicator, confirming the gene's presence in the host organism.
DNA Bands in Fingerprinting
- Each band in a DNA fingerprint corresponds to DNA fragments of identical size.
- The pattern created can be used to compare genetic similarities or differences among individuals.
DNA Amplification at Crime Scenes
- Often essential due to limited DNA samples available for testing.
- Allows forensic teams to obtain enough DNA for analysis.
Restriction Enzymes
- Specialized proteins that cut DNA at predetermined sequences.
- Integral to genetic engineering and cloning processes.
Recombinant DNA
- Results from combining DNA from two or more different species.
- Permits the introduction of new traits into organisms for research or agricultural purposes.
DNA Charge
- DNA molecules carry a negative charge due to phosphate groups in their structure.
- This property is crucial in techniques like gel electrophoresis where DNA moves towards the positive electrode.
Disadvantages of GMOs
- Potential for unintended side effects from inserted DNA, affecting health or the environment.
- Concerns regarding changes in taste or nutrient content of genetically modified foods.
Creation of Recombinant DNA
- Requires both donor and recipient DNA to be cut with the same restriction enzyme.
- Ensures compatible ends for successful recombination.
DNA Movement in Gel
- The rate at which DNA travels through the gel is influenced by its size; smaller pieces move faster.
- Enables effective separation and analysis of DNA fragments based on length.
Function of DNA Ligase
- Enzymatic "glue" that joins DNA fragments together.
- Key in DNA replication and repair processes in cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key biotechnology concepts with these flashcards. Each card focuses on important terms such as DNA fingerprinting, gel electrophoresis, and GMO crops, providing clear definitions to enhance your understanding. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in the field of biotechnology.
