Biotechnology Worksheet Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is biotechnology?

Using our understanding of biology to solve problems or create products.

Which of the following are examples of biotechnology? (Select all that apply)

DNA Fingerprinting (correct)

Genetically Modified Crops (correct)

Genetically Engineered Bacteria (correct)

Time Travel

What are the products of GE bacteria?

Medicines, Biofuels, Vaccines, Enzymes.

What is a plasmid?

A small ring of bacterial DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is recombinant DNA?

The combined DNA from 2 different species. Signup and view all the answers

What does a restriction enzyme do?

Cuts DNA at very specific locations. Signup and view all the answers

What is transformation in biotechnology?

Bacterium that has been genetically changed. Signup and view all the answers

Why genetically modify organisms? (Select all that apply)

To make them immune to diseases Signup and view all the answers

What are some dangers of creating GMOs? (Select all that apply)

Potentially hazardous Signup and view all the answers

What is a DNA fingerprint?

Comparing nucleic acids in DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is DNA fingerprinting used for?

To solve crimes, use DNA evidence, clone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a clone?

An identical gene copy. Signup and view all the answers

What is an egg nucleus?

The nucleus of an egg cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is a donor nucleus?

Nucleus from a cell which will be cloned. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stem cell?

An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to more cells of the same type. Signup and view all the answers

What is a differentiated cell?

Cell modified to perform a special function. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'In vitro' mean?

A process performed in a test tube, culture dish, or outside a living organism. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'In vivo' mean?

A process performed inside a living organism. Signup and view all the answers

What are the pros of cloning?

Identical copies. Signup and view all the answers

What are the cons of cloning?

Same DNA, usually weaker individuals, sometimes many health problems. Signup and view all the answers

What is gene therapy?

Curing genetic disorders. Signup and view all the answers

How are scientists delivering 'healthy genes' to genetically mutated or unhealthy cells?

Using genetically programmed viruses to deliver healthy genes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Biotechnology Overview

Biotechnology applies biological knowledge to solve problems and create innovative products.

Examples of Biotechnology

Genetically Engineered (GE) Bacteria are modified to enhance their abilities.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) include crops designed for superior traits.
DNA Fingerprinting analyzes genetic material for identification.
Cloning produces genetically identical copies of organisms.
Gene Therapy aims to treat genetic disorders by correcting defective genes.

Products of GE Bacteria

Medicines, including insulin and antibiotics.
Biofuels generated from biological materials.
Vaccines developed to prevent diseases.
Enzymes utilized in industrial processes.

Key Concepts in Biotechnology

Plasmids are circular DNA molecules used in genetic engineering.
Recombinant DNA merges genetic material from different species.
Restriction Enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences for manipulation.
Transformation refers to bacteria integrating new genetic material.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

GMOs are developed for increased resistance to drought, diseases, and pests.
Enhanced nutritional content includes more vitamins and proteins.
Greater shelf life improves food preservation.
GMOs can result in increased agricultural yield.

Concerns with GMOs

Lack of comprehensive information about long-term effects.
Potential hazards include unforeseen health risks.
Questions about safety for consumption and potential links to allergies or cancers.

DNA Fingerprinting

DNA Fingerprinting involves comparing genetic sequences for identification.
Applications include solving crimes and confirming paternity.

Cloning Basics

A clone is a genetic copy of an organism.
The egg nucleus and donor nucleus are essential components in cloning procedures.

Stem Cells

Stem Cells are undifferentiated cells capable of developing into various cell types.
Differentiated Cells are specialized to perform specific functions.

Methodologies

In Vitro processes are conducted outside living organisms, such as in test tubes.
In Vivo processes occur within living organisms.

Cloning Pros and Cons

Pros of cloning include the ability to create identical copies.
Cons involve potential health issues due to identical DNA and weakened individuals.

Gene Therapy

Gene Therapy focuses on curing genetic disorders by replacing unhealthy genes with healthy ones.
Healthy genes are delivered using genetically engineered viruses.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of biotechnology with these flashcards. You'll learn key definitions, examples, and products related to biotechnology, including genetically engineered organisms and their applications. This is an excellent resource for students looking to deepen their understanding of this essential field.