Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was General Dyer's objective when he opened fire on the crowd?
What was General Dyer's objective when he opened fire on the crowd?
The Rowlatt movement was primarily limited to rural areas.
The Rowlatt movement was primarily limited to rural areas.
False
What event led crowds to take to the streets in many north Indian towns?
What event led crowds to take to the streets in many north Indian towns?
The news of Jallianwalla Bagh massacre
Mahatma Gandhi called off the _____ as a reaction to the spread of violence.
Mahatma Gandhi called off the _____ as a reaction to the spread of violence.
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Match the following actions with their descriptions:
Match the following actions with their descriptions:
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What was one action taken by the government in response to the protests?
What was one action taken by the government in response to the protests?
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Many villagers were aware of the martial law imposed in the city.
Many villagers were aware of the martial law imposed in the city.
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What event is referred to as taking place in Amritsar in 1919?
What event is referred to as taking place in Amritsar in 1919?
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What was the primary purpose of Gandhi's salt march?
What was the primary purpose of Gandhi's salt march?
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Mahatma Gandhi started his salt march alone.
Mahatma Gandhi started his salt march alone.
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How many miles did the salt march cover?
How many miles did the salt march cover?
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Mahatma Gandhi and his volunteers walked about ______ miles a day.
Mahatma Gandhi and his volunteers walked about ______ miles a day.
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On what date did Gandhi reach Dandi?
On what date did Gandhi reach Dandi?
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The Civil Disobedience Movement involved breaking colonial laws.
The Civil Disobedience Movement involved breaking colonial laws.
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What action did Gandhi take to symbolize the violation of the salt law?
What action did Gandhi take to symbolize the violation of the salt law?
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Match the following events with their significance:
Match the following events with their significance:
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What was a primary motivation for the rich peasant communities to join the Civil Disobedience Movement?
What was a primary motivation for the rich peasant communities to join the Civil Disobedience Movement?
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Bhagat Singh wished to glorify the use of violence in his revolution.
Bhagat Singh wished to glorify the use of violence in his revolution.
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At what age was Bhagat Singh tried and executed?
At what age was Bhagat Singh tried and executed?
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The rich peasants were primarily affected by the trade depression and falling ________ prices.
The rich peasants were primarily affected by the trade depression and falling ________ prices.
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What did 'swaraj' represent to the rich peasants involved in the movement?
What did 'swaraj' represent to the rich peasants involved in the movement?
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Match the following social groups with their geographic locations:
Match the following social groups with their geographic locations:
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The Civil Disobedience Movement was called off in 1931 with no change to the revenue rates.
The Civil Disobedience Movement was called off in 1931 with no change to the revenue rates.
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What phrase did Bhagat Singh use to express his commitment to revolution?
What phrase did Bhagat Singh use to express his commitment to revolution?
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What was one of the main problems faced during efforts to unify people in India under British rule?
What was one of the main problems faced during efforts to unify people in India under British rule?
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Foreign travelers in earlier times commended the military prowess of Indians.
Foreign travelers in earlier times commended the military prowess of Indians.
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Who was the leader of the Congress party that aimed to organize movements for independence?
Who was the leader of the Congress party that aimed to organize movements for independence?
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A growing anger against the colonial government was bringing together various groups and classes of Indians into a common struggle for _____ in the first half of the twentieth century.
A growing anger against the colonial government was bringing together various groups and classes of Indians into a common struggle for _____ in the first half of the twentieth century.
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Match the following elements with their descriptions:
Match the following elements with their descriptions:
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What was a consequence of glorifying the past in terms of Hindu achievements?
What was a consequence of glorifying the past in terms of Hindu achievements?
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The aspirations of different classes in the freedom movement were identical.
The aspirations of different classes in the freedom movement were identical.
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What did the Congress party attempt to channel through organized movements?
What did the Congress party attempt to channel through organized movements?
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What event occurred in December 1931 regarding Gandhiji?
What event occurred in December 1931 regarding Gandhiji?
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The Congress party was declared illegal and both Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were in jail.
The Congress party was declared illegal and both Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were in jail.
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Who were the leaders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)?
Who were the leaders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)?
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Gandhi relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement in response to the new cycle of __________ by the government.
Gandhi relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement in response to the new cycle of __________ by the government.
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Match the following individuals with their significance:
Match the following individuals with their significance:
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Which organization was founded in 1928 in response to the British rule?
Which organization was founded in 1928 in response to the British rule?
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The HSRA believed that non-violence was the only way to struggle against the British.
The HSRA believed that non-violence was the only way to struggle against the British.
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In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta threw a bomb in the __________ Assembly.
In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta threw a bomb in the __________ Assembly.
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Study Notes
Protest and Government Response
- Protests erupted against the government's repressive measures alongside the annual Baisakhi fair.
- General Dyer's actions at Jallianwalla Bagh included blocking exits and opening fire on an unsuspecting crowd, resulting in hundreds of deaths.
- Dyer aimed to instill terror among satyagrahis to deter dissent.
- Following the incident, unrest spread across northern India with strikes, police clashes, and assaults on government properties.
- The British government responded with extreme brutality, humiliating activists through physical punishments and collective suppression.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Salt March
- In response to ongoing violence and repression, Mahatma Gandhi launched a significant Civil Disobedience Movement.
- The Salt March spanned over 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, taking 24 days to complete.
- He marched with 78 volunteers and drew thousands of supporters who learned about swaraj and peaceful resistance.
- On April 6, Gandhi publicly defied colonial laws by making salt, marking a pivotal moment in the independence struggle.
Impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement
- Participants were urged to actively break colonial laws, unlike the previous Non-Cooperation Movement that focused on refusal of cooperation.
- Widespread law-breaking led to mass production of salt and demonstrations against British salt factories.
- Mahatma Gandhi attended the Round Table Conference in London in December 1931 seeking further negotiations for Indian autonomy, but negotiations failed, resulting in renewed repression.
Political Mobilization and Revolutionary Movements
- Rising frustrations led some nationalists to doubt the effectiveness of non-violence; the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded in 1928.
- Key HSRA members included Bhagat Singh, who engaged in radical actions against British authorities, aiming for a revolutionary change rather than traditional reform.
- Demonstrative acts of rebellion included the bombing of the Legislative Assembly and a failed assassination attempt on Lord Irwin.
Diverse Participation and Aspirations
- Various social groups, especially rich peasant communities like the Patidars and Jats, joined the movement seeking relief from oppressive revenue policies.
- The movement was initially a unifying force driven by shared economic grievances but faced internal conflicts regarding representation and leadership.
- Disappointment arose when the movement was suspended in 1931 without addressing crucial demands for revenue reduction.
Conclusion
- Growing resentment against colonial rulers fostered a collective struggle for Indian independence among diverse groups during the early 20th century.
- The Congress Party, led by Mahatma Gandhi, sought to unify various aspirations into a cohesive movement, yet different communities held distinct views on what swaraj meant for them.
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Description
Explore the historical context and events surrounding the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The quiz covers the protests against repressive government measures, the annual Baisakhi fair, and the tragic consequences of the incident involving General Dyer. Test your knowledge on this pivotal moment in Indian history.
