Lecture 28 – Energy and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What does a large ΔG value indicate about a reaction?

  • The reaction is spontaneous.
  • The reaction is catalyzed.
  • The reaction is at equilibrium.
  • The reaction is far from equilibrium. (correct)

    • What is the Mass Action Ratio (q)?

  • The total energy of a system.
  • The rate of a chemical reaction.
  • The ratio of reactants to products at standard conditions.
  • The concentration of products divided by the concentration of reactants. (correct)

    • What does ΔG° represent?

  • The total energy of the system.
  • The enthalpy change of a reaction.
  • The free energy change under non-standard conditions.
  • The change in free energy when all reactants and products are at 1M. (correct)

    • What does ΔG°' specifically refer to?

    <p>Standard free energy change at pH 7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ATP considered the main energy carrier in cells?

    <p>It stores energy in a state far from equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about ATP hydrolysis is true?

    <p>It releases energy due to the formation of ADP and phosphate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much ATP does a cheetah use when running at high speed?

    <p>55 g ATP/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated daily ATP requirement for humans?

    <p>70 Kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do redox reactions play in metabolism?

    <p>They involve the transfer of electrons to store and release energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During glycolysis, what happens to glucose?

    <p>It is oxidized to release potential energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced from the oxidation of Acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the oxidative phosphorylation process?

    <p>NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to generate ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does oxidation refer to in a redox reaction?

    <p>A compound loses electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reduction mean in the context of redox reactions?

    <p>A compound accepts electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under standard conditions, how does the reaction tendency relate to ΔG?

    <p>It moves towards the product side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term "energy-rich phosphate bonds"?

    <p>It is a misconception about ATP's energy storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) related to the spontaneity of a reaction?

    <p>A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "thermodynamically favorable" imply in biochemical reactions?

    <p>The reaction has a negative ΔG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gas constant (R) in calculating standard free energy?

    <p>It relates temperature to the energy of the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of metabolic pathways, what is a common feature of redox reactions?

    <p>They involve electron transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between ATP and muscle mass in humans?

    <p>Muscle mass affects ATP concentration due to higher energy demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is primarily involved in transferring electrons during redox reactions?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "oxidized" mean in metabolic processes?

    <p>A molecule loses electrons or hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is energy released from ATP utilized in the cell?

    <p>To power cellular processes and reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a high concentration of reactants have on ΔG?

    <p>It decreases ΔG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the cell does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

    <p>Mitochondrial inner membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when a reaction is described as "irreversible"?

    <p>It can only proceed in one direction under physiological conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs during glycolysis?

    <p>Redox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the energy from redox reactions in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>It is used to generate ATP and reduced cofactors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ATP is false?

    <p>ATP is the only energy carrier in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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