Lecture 28 – Energy and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What does a large ΔG value indicate about a reaction?

  • The reaction is spontaneous.
  • The reaction is catalyzed.
  • The reaction is at equilibrium.
  • The reaction is far from equilibrium. (correct)

What is the Mass Action Ratio (q)?

  • The total energy of a system.
  • The rate of a chemical reaction.
  • The ratio of reactants to products at standard conditions.
  • The concentration of products divided by the concentration of reactants. (correct)

What does ΔG° represent?

  • The total energy of the system.
  • The enthalpy change of a reaction.
  • The free energy change under non-standard conditions.
  • The change in free energy when all reactants and products are at 1M. (correct)

What does ΔG°' specifically refer to?

<p>Standard free energy change at pH 7. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ATP considered the main energy carrier in cells?

<p>It stores energy in a state far from equilibrium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about ATP hydrolysis is true?

<p>It releases energy due to the formation of ADP and phosphate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much ATP does a cheetah use when running at high speed?

<p>55 g ATP/s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated daily ATP requirement for humans?

<p>70 Kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do redox reactions play in metabolism?

<p>They involve the transfer of electrons to store and release energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During glycolysis, what happens to glucose?

<p>It is oxidized to release potential energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced from the oxidation of Acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle?

<p>NADH and FADH2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the oxidative phosphorylation process?

<p>NADH and FADH2 are oxidized to generate ATP. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does oxidation refer to in a redox reaction?

<p>A compound loses electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reduction mean in the context of redox reactions?

<p>A compound accepts electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under standard conditions, how does the reaction tendency relate to ΔG?

<p>It moves towards the product side. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term "energy-rich phosphate bonds"?

<p>It is a misconception about ATP's energy storage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) related to the spontaneity of a reaction?

<p>A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "thermodynamically favorable" imply in biochemical reactions?

<p>The reaction has a negative ΔG. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gas constant (R) in calculating standard free energy?

<p>It relates temperature to the energy of the system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of metabolic pathways, what is a common feature of redox reactions?

<p>They involve electron transfer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between ATP and muscle mass in humans?

<p>Muscle mass affects ATP concentration due to higher energy demands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is primarily involved in transferring electrons during redox reactions?

<p>NADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "oxidized" mean in metabolic processes?

<p>A molecule loses electrons or hydrogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is energy released from ATP utilized in the cell?

<p>To power cellular processes and reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a high concentration of reactants have on ΔG?

<p>It decreases ΔG. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the cell does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

<p>Mitochondrial inner membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when a reaction is described as "irreversible"?

<p>It can only proceed in one direction under physiological conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs during glycolysis?

<p>Redox (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy from redox reactions in the citric acid cycle?

<p>It is used to generate ATP and reduced cofactors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ATP is false?

<p>ATP is the only energy carrier in cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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