lecture 28 part 1- immunology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary target of immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation procedures?

  • Macrophages
  • Natural killer cells
  • T cells (correct)
  • B cells

    • Which proteins are targeted by drugs like cyclosporine and tacrolimus to inhibit T cell activation?

  • Calcineurin and cyclophilin (correct)
  • CD4 and CD8
  • Interferon alpha and beta
  • Tumor necrosis factor alpha

    • Which aspect of the immune response do immunosuppressive drugs aim to reduce in transplantation procedures?

  • T cell activation (correct)
  • Inflammation
  • Antigen presentation
  • Phagocytosis

    • What is the role of immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation procedures?

    <p>Prevent graft rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins do some immunosuppressive drugs target on T cells or antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

    <p>Cell surface proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cyclosporine exert its immunosuppressive effects?

    <p>By disrupting IL-2 signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does cyclosporine inhibit to suppress the production of IL-2?

    <p>Calcineurin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of IL-2 in the context of graft rejection?

    <p>Facilitating T cell activation and proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What milestone did the introduction of cyclosporine in 1983 mark in transplantation medicine?

    <p>Revolutionizing immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did the use of cyclosporine impact the five-year survival rates of cardiac allograft patients?

    <p>Increased survival rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of cyclosporine in transplant patients?

    <p>Prevention of T cell proliferation through IL-2 signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of CTLA-4 Ig?

    <p>Preventing CD28 interaction with B7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is inhibited by cyclosporine to prevent the expression of IL-2?

    <p>Calcineurin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are anti-inflammatory corticosteroids often included in immunosuppressive protocols?

    <p>To block cytokine synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rejection is chronic rejection now a typical reason for in allograft failure?

    <p>Chronic rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does IL-2 play in the immune response following T cell activation?

    <p>Driving T cell proliferation and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do immunosuppressive drugs impact the immune response against transplanted tissue?

    <p>Prevent T cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is careful management and monitoring crucial for transplant patients on immunosuppressive drugs?

    <p>To avoid infections and complications due to reduced immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine crucial in transplant patients?

    <p>To inhibit IL-2 expression and prevent T cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from immunosuppressive drugs, what is another important aspect often involved in transplantation procedures?

    <p>Using anti-inflammatory corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cyclosporine play in transplantation procedures?

    <p>Enhancing success rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein does Rapamycin inhibit?

    <p>Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of immunosuppressive drugs targeting T cell proliferation?

    <p>Inhibit T cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of immunosuppressive drugs is described as toxins that poison T cell proliferation?

    <p>Antimetabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporine in transplantation procedures?

    <p>Inhibiting T cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do corticosteroids contribute to transplant success?

    <p>By reducing inflammation and dampening the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are immunosuppressive protocols typically a combination of drugs?

    <p>To minimize side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintenance therapy in transplantation?

    <p>To provide long-term immunosuppression and prevent graft rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rejection is more challenging for current immunosuppressive protocols?

    <p>Chronic rejection, which develops gradually over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does immunosuppressive therapy have on a patient's susceptibility to infections?

    <p>Increases susceptibility to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is inhibited by mycophenolate mofetil, contributing to the suppression of T cell proliferation?

    <p>Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of basiliximab and daclizumab in relation to T cell activation and proliferation?

    <p>Block IL-2 signaling by targeting the IL-2 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which co-stimulatory pathway interaction is inhibited by belatacept, leading to T cell activation prevention?

    <p>CD80/86 on APCs and CD28 on T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pro-inflammatory cytokines are commonly inhibited by corticosteroids as part of immunosuppressive protocols?

    <p>Interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mycophenolate mofetil contribute to the suppression of T cell proliferation?

    <p>Inhibiting purine synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component interaction does belatacept specifically target to prevent T cell activation?

    <p>CD80/86 on APCs and CD28 on T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of corticosteroids in immunosuppressive therapy?

    <p>Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main target of basiliximab and daclizumab in the context of immunosuppression?

    <p>IL-2 receptor on activated T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do drugs like belatacept interfere with T cell activation?

    <p>Inhibiting CD80/86-CD28 interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do monoclonal antibodies like basiliximab modulate the immune response?

    <p>Inhibiting IL-2 signaling pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do corticosteroids play in preventing graft rejection?

    <p>Inhibiting cytokine production, including interleukins and TNF-alpha</p> Signup and view all the answers

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