41 Questions
What is the primary target of immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation procedures?
T cells
Which proteins are targeted by drugs like cyclosporine and tacrolimus to inhibit T cell activation?
Calcineurin and cyclophilin
Which aspect of the immune response do immunosuppressive drugs aim to reduce in transplantation procedures?
T cell activation
What is the role of immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation procedures?
Prevent graft rejection
Which type of proteins do some immunosuppressive drugs target on T cells or antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Cell surface proteins
How does cyclosporine exert its immunosuppressive effects?
By disrupting IL-2 signaling
Which enzyme does cyclosporine inhibit to suppress the production of IL-2?
Calcineurin
What is the primary role of IL-2 in the context of graft rejection?
Facilitating T cell activation and proliferation
What milestone did the introduction of cyclosporine in 1983 mark in transplantation medicine?
Revolutionizing immunosuppression
In what way did the use of cyclosporine impact the five-year survival rates of cardiac allograft patients?
Increased survival rates
What is the primary mechanism of action of cyclosporine in transplant patients?
Prevention of T cell proliferation through IL-2 signaling
What is the primary mechanism of action of CTLA-4 Ig?
Preventing CD28 interaction with B7
Which enzyme is inhibited by cyclosporine to prevent the expression of IL-2?
Calcineurin
Why are anti-inflammatory corticosteroids often included in immunosuppressive protocols?
To block cytokine synthesis
Which type of rejection is chronic rejection now a typical reason for in allograft failure?
Chronic rejection
What role does IL-2 play in the immune response following T cell activation?
Driving T cell proliferation and differentiation
How do immunosuppressive drugs impact the immune response against transplanted tissue?
Prevent T cell activation
Why is careful management and monitoring crucial for transplant patients on immunosuppressive drugs?
To avoid infections and complications due to reduced immunity
Why are immunosuppressive drugs like cyclosporine crucial in transplant patients?
To inhibit IL-2 expression and prevent T cell proliferation
Apart from immunosuppressive drugs, what is another important aspect often involved in transplantation procedures?
Using anti-inflammatory corticosteroids
What role does cyclosporine play in transplantation procedures?
Enhancing success rates
Which protein does Rapamycin inhibit?
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
What is the primary aim of immunosuppressive drugs targeting T cell proliferation?
Inhibit T cell proliferation
Which class of immunosuppressive drugs is described as toxins that poison T cell proliferation?
Antimetabolites
What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporine in transplantation procedures?
Inhibiting T cell proliferation
How do corticosteroids contribute to transplant success?
By reducing inflammation and dampening the immune response
Why are immunosuppressive protocols typically a combination of drugs?
To minimize side effects
What is the purpose of maintenance therapy in transplantation?
To provide long-term immunosuppression and prevent graft rejection
Which type of rejection is more challenging for current immunosuppressive protocols?
Chronic rejection, which develops gradually over time
What effect does immunosuppressive therapy have on a patient's susceptibility to infections?
Increases susceptibility to infections
Which enzyme is inhibited by mycophenolate mofetil, contributing to the suppression of T cell proliferation?
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase
What is the mechanism of action of basiliximab and daclizumab in relation to T cell activation and proliferation?
Block IL-2 signaling by targeting the IL-2 receptor
Which co-stimulatory pathway interaction is inhibited by belatacept, leading to T cell activation prevention?
CD80/86 on APCs and CD28 on T cells
Which pro-inflammatory cytokines are commonly inhibited by corticosteroids as part of immunosuppressive protocols?
Interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
How does mycophenolate mofetil contribute to the suppression of T cell proliferation?
Inhibiting purine synthesis
Which component interaction does belatacept specifically target to prevent T cell activation?
CD80/86 on APCs and CD28 on T cells
What is the primary mechanism of action of corticosteroids in immunosuppressive therapy?
Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production
What is the main target of basiliximab and daclizumab in the context of immunosuppression?
IL-2 receptor on activated T cells
How do drugs like belatacept interfere with T cell activation?
Inhibiting CD80/86-CD28 interaction
How do monoclonal antibodies like basiliximab modulate the immune response?
Inhibiting IL-2 signaling pathway
What role do corticosteroids play in preventing graft rejection?
Inhibiting cytokine production, including interleukins and TNF-alpha
Explore the mechanisms of action of immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation immunology, essential for preventing graft rejection and enhancing patient outcomes. Learn how these drugs target T lymphocytes through various categories of cell surface or intracellular proteins.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
