10 Questions
During growth or pregnancy, by how much can iron absorption increase?
40-50%
Which type of diet enhances iron absorption the most?
High in animal protein
What role does Selenium play in the cell membrane?
Acts as an antioxidant
Which mineral is a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes?
Zinc
Which substances are known to inhibit iron absorption?
Fiber, calcium, tannin
What is the recommended daily intake of iron for an infant?
15 mg/day
Which is NOT a primary function of zinc?
Antioxidant
Iron deficiency leads to which type of anemia?
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
Which food is NOT a significant source of iodine?
Chocolate
Which condition is NOT a result of iodine deficiency?
Hypochromic microcytic anemia
Study Notes
Iron Deficiency and Absorption
- Iron absorption increases by 40-50% during growth or pregnancy.
- Diets high in animal protein enhance iron absorption.
- Plant-based diets are associated with low iron absorption.
- Vitamin C, gastric acid, meat, and alcohol are enhancers of iron absorption.
- Fibers, phytic acid, phosphates, phenols, calcium, manganese, tannin, preservatives, soda, beverages, coffee, and chocolate are inhibitors of iron absorption.
- Milk and milk products reduce iron absorption by 30% due to high calcium content.
Recommended Dietary Intake of Iron
- Infants are born with sufficient iron stores if their mothers were well-nourished during pregnancy.
- Iron stores in infants can supply requirements for the first 4 months of life.
- Infants rely on milk, a poor source of iron, after 4 months.
- Breast milk provides sufficient iron for infants for the first 6 months.
- The daily iron requirement is 15 mg/day.
Deficiency of Iron
- Iron deficiency leads to hypochromic microcytic anemia.
Zinc
- Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes, essential for optimal activity.
- Zinc is required for DNA and cell membrane synthesis and function.
- Zinc plays a role in protein metabolism, wound healing, and growth.
- Zinc is necessary for the development of sex organs and the storage, release, and function of insulin.
Selenium
- Selenium has an antioxidant role, reducing damage to cell membranes caused by free radicals.
- Selenium contributes to thyroid hormone metabolism.
Iodine
- Iodine is an essential trace element readily absorbed from the diet.
- Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
- Thyroid hormones are essential for growth and development.
Sources of Iodine
- Seafoods and sea salt are rich sources of iodine.
- Plant foods, such as vegetables, fruits, legumes, and cereals, contain iodine.
- Water, milk, and meat are minor sources of iodine, accounting for 10%.
Deficiency of Iodine
- Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter, cretinism, mental retardation, and occasionally fetal loss.
This quiz covers how iron absorption is affected by different diets, including animal protein and plant-based diets, as well as the presence of enhancers and inhibitors.
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