Infant Nutrition: Cow's Milk and Iron Deficiency

Why are infants who are fed cow’s milk at an increased risk for developing anemia or other iron deficiency disorders?

Cow's milk has lower iron content compared to breast milk and formula

What is the comparative iron content of cow’s milk, breast milk, and formula?

Breast milk has the highest iron content

What can happen to infants who are fed cow’s milk in terms of iron deficiency disorders?

Increased risk of developing iron deficiency disorders

Which type of milk is a safer option for infants in terms of iron intake?

Breast milk Signup and view all the answers

How long do the anticoagulant effects of warfarin persist after it is discontinued?

2 to 5 days Signup and view all the answers

What should Asian patients be aware of regarding the starting and maintenance doses of warfarin?

They may require lower doses Signup and view all the answers

How much does INR values lower than 2.0 increase the risk of stroke?

Sixfold Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic type should patients with serious sulfa allergies avoid?

Thiazide diuretics Signup and view all the answers

According to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8), which diuretic is longer acting and more 'effective' than HCTZ?

Chlorthalidone Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided by patients with serious sulfa allergies as an alternative to thiazide and loop diuretics?

Salt substitutes containing potassium Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect should be monitored when prescribing Captopril?

Agranulocytosis Signup and view all the answers

When does the ACEI cough typically occur?

Within the first few months of treatment Signup and view all the answers

For which condition are ACEIs and ARBs preferred drugs?

Diabetic nephropathy Signup and view all the answers

When is the physiologic increase in blood pressure most likely to occur?

Early morning (3 to 5 a.m.) Signup and view all the answers

What time of day do most heart attacks occur in the United States?

Morning hours (6 a.m. to 12 p.m.) Signup and view all the answers

Which antihypertensive medications do some experts recommend taking in the evening?

All antihypertensive medications except diuretics Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal response in acute blood loss?

Normal reticulocyte count Signup and view all the answers

At what percentage of blood volume loss does tachycardia and tachypnea occur?

15% to 20% Signup and view all the answers

When does a significant drop in blood pressure typically manifest?

30% to 40% blood loss Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common causes of mild neutropenia in adults?

Benign ethnic neutropenia and drug-induced neutropenia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of neutropenia with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >1,000 cells/µL?

Increased susceptibility to viral infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected increase in heart rate during class II hemorrhage?

80-100 beats/minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial evaluation for a patient suspected of neutropenia?

Complete blood count with differential, blood smear, health history, and physical examination Signup and view all the answers

Which medication may cause neutropenia?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Presence of Reed–Sternberg cells Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with symptoms of night sweats, fever, and weight loss?

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of multiple myeloma?

Proteinuria with Bence–Jones proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of thrombocytopenia?

A platelet count of Signup and view all the answers

Which group has a higher incidence of Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Young adults (20–40 years) and older adults (>60 years) Signup and view all the answers