Learning and Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

  • Studying human behavior
  • Exploring emotional responses
  • Understanding the operation of the mind (correct)
  • Analyzing social interactions

    • What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?

  • The analysis of emotional responses
  • The belief that behavior is the result of mental processes (correct)
  • Understanding human behavior
  • The study of social interactions

    • In cognitive psychology, what mental phenomena may affect behavior?

  • Emotional responses and mood
  • Perception and attention
  • Memory and learning processes
  • Intentions, goals, and plans (correct)

    • Why are psychologists interested in explaining behavior?

    <p>To understand the operation of the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What processes might be appealed to when explaining comprehension of written text?

    <p>Perception of words and computation of meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level might one explain motivation for reading in cognitive psychology?

    <p>In terms of intentions, goals, and plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of cognitive psychology, as described in the text?

    <p>Understanding mental processes through perception and comprehension of text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cognitive psychology, what do researchers seek to explain in addition to describing cognition?

    <p>The how and the why of thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method in cognitive psychology involves detailed studies of cognitive performance in everyday situations and non-laboratory contexts?

    <p>Case studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using computer simulations in cognitive psychology?

    <p>To program computers to imitate human functions or processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of self-reports, case studies, and naturalistic observation in cognitive psychology research?

    <p>Generating descriptions of rare events or processes that have no other way to measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?

    <p>The how and the why of thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial requirement for implementing the Information Processing experimental method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Exerting rigorous control over the experimental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of psychobiological research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Studying images showing structures or activities in the brain of an individual with a particular cognitive deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential characteristic of laboratory or other controlled experiments in cognitive psychology?

    <p>&quot;The experimenter controls as many aspects of the experimental situation as possible&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of cognitive psychology according to the dictionary definition mentioned in the text?

    <p>Understanding the scientific study of the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Models based on how computers process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Data gathering and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Understanding language learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the capacity of the brain that is fundamental to our existence?

    <p>Memory formation and retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Cognitive, psychomotor, affective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is associated with retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transduction of energy refer to in the context of sensory memory?

    <p>Conversion of external energy to electrical stimulation understood by the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field does cognitive science draw ideas and methods from?

    <p>Philosophy and anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the goals of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>$-4(x - 3)­­­­2 + 2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Nature vs. nurture vs. rationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Synthesising and processing different types of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does memory play according to the text?

    <p>Playing a pivotal and ubiquitous role in various aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the notable developmental psychologist known for describing how children develop an appreciation for concepts from infancy to adolescence?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphic representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science?

    <p>Cognitive psychology and neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the early digital computers gain enormous acceptance for?

    <p>High-speed number crunching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?

    <p>Generalisations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?

    <p>Physiological psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Neuro cognitive imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neuro cognitive techniques such as MRI, PET, and EEG show about cognition?

    <p>Both the structures and processes involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Karl Lashley known for wrestling with regarding the brain's functioning?

    <p>The holistic nature of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science?

    <p>The traditional topics of cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>The recent discoveries in neuroscience and computer science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental aspect of cognition mentioned in the text?

    <p>Representation of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of cognitive psychology focuses on how cognitive structures develop?

    <p>Developmental Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a new mental representation is formed through the transformation of information?

    <p>Thinking and Concept Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal means by which we acquire and express knowledge according to the text?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, Developmental Psychology, and Thinking?

    <p>Ideas and methods from various fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which field does the study of how language is used originate according to the text?

    <p>Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?

    <p>Research in cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist observed that what rats learn in a maze is the layout of the land rather than simply a series of S-R connections?

    <p>Edward Tolman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who rejected the then popular view that memory and forgetting can be studied by means of nonsense syllables?

    <p>Frederick Bartlett</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were neglected in favor of making observations on behavior rather than on the mental processes by the behaviourists?

    <p>Internal states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Semantic organisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?

    <p>'Failure' of behaviourism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Information Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did interest again begin to focus on attention, memory, pattern recognition, images, semantic organisation, language processes, thinking, and consciousness?

    <p>Mid 20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Studying mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Interest in attention, memory, pattern recognition, language processes, and consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?

    <p>Information Processing experimental method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Nonsense syllables as a method for studying memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jean Piaget describe in the field of developmental psychology?

    <p>The progression of children's understanding of concepts from infancy to adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence suggests that internal representations of reality are not isomorphic with external reality?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The brain operates holistically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Neuro cognitive imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?

    <p>Human problem solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>The use of neuro cognitive imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means by which we acquire and express knowledge according to the text?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>To explain behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does memory play according to the text?

    <p>It influences perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Neurocognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Representation of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of cognitive psychology focuses on how cognitive structures develop?

    <p>Developmental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Information processing and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of cognitive psychology according to the dictionary definition mentioned in the text?

    <p>Information processing and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which field does the study of how language is used originate according to the text?

    <p>Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary goals of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Data collection, data analysis, and theory development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method in cognitive psychology involves detailed studies of cognitive performance in everyday situations and non-laboratory contexts?

    <p>Self-reports, case studies, and naturalistic observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Indirect influence through models of human cognition based on how computers process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science?

    <p>Cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?

    <p>Human cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Digital computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>'Cognitive domain', 'Affective domain', and 'Psychomotor domain'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?

    <p>'Motivation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>Attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Acquiring knowledge and skills through study, experience, or teaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist observed that what rats learn in a maze is the layout of the land rather than simply a series of S-R connections?

    <p>Karl Lashley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental capacity of the brain, according to the text?

    <p>Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve, according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Recalling, analyzing, and problem solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research does cognitive science draw ideas and methods from?

    <p>Psychology and anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Parallel processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jean Piaget describe in the field of developmental psychology?

    <p>Cognitive structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialty within computer science that has had a major influence on the development of cognitive science?

    <p>Artificial Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphism theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Failure of behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?

    <p>'Picture' of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?

    <p>'Computer science'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology, as described in the text?

    <p>'Cognitive functions'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>'Internal mental processes'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?

    <p>Cognitive Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Language processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Studying mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Internal mental processes and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?

    <p>Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>Information processing in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Representationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means by which we acquire and express knowledge, according to the text?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology, according to the text?

    <p>Information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the engine of cognition?

    <p>Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one form of knowledge shared by all human societies, according to the text?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions, according to the text?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Thinking and concept formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential characteristic of laboratory or other controlled experiments in cognitive psychology, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cybernetics and information theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jean Piaget primarily contribute to the field of developmental psychology?

    <p>Stages of cognitive development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphic representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Experimental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?

    <p>Physiological psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?

    <p>'Cognitive science'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>'Neuro cognitive imagery'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Physiological psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Computer science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>'Neuro cognitive imagery'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Computers have a fixed architecture, while the brain has a flexible and adaptable architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental aspect of cognition mentioned in the text?

    <p>Information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does memory play according to the text?

    <p>Memory actively constructs and organizes information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>The reliability of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>&quot;The computer metaphor&quot; of the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which field does the study of how language is used originate according to the text?

    <p>Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial requirement for implementing the Information Processing experimental method mentioned in the text?

    <p>Exerting rigorous control over experimental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Less than 1/2 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Benjamin Bloom, what does the cognitive domain of learning involve?

    <p>Recall and problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sensory memory according to the text?

    <p>Retains an exact copy of what is seen or heard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Cognitive, psychomotor, and affective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of sensory memory for hearing, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>About 3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the fundamental role of memory?

    <p>Provides personal identity and sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Recall and problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of short-term memory according to the text?

    <p>Temporary retention of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Benjamin Bloom suggest as the affective domain of learning?

    <p>Liking something or someone, loving, appreciating, fearing, hating, worshiping, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of long-term memory according to the text?

    <p>Stores information for a longer duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary domains of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Cognitive – recall, calculate, discuss, analyse; psychomotor – dance, swim, ski; affective – like something or someone or appreciate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of sensory memory for hearing according to the text?

    <p>About 3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the concept introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is associated with retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?

    <p>The layout of the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>Neuroimaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Failure of behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Language processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, and Thinking?

    <p>Neuroimaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Understanding the relationship between perception and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?

    <p>The role of consciousness in cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>1-2 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept plays a central role in modern theories of memory, as introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Intentionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Studying mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means by which cognitive psychologists study information processing and storage?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of cognition involves forming meaningful patterns from sensory stimuli?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of developmental cognitive psychology?

    <p>Cognitive structures development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cognitive psychology, what is the principal means by which we acquire and express knowledge?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental aspect of cognition that cognitive psychologists are particularly interested in studying?

    <p>Thinking and concept formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of internal representations are formed in cognitive maps in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Cognitive representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important component of information processing and storage in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major area that has expanded our understanding of how cognitive structures develop?

    <p>Developmental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one form of knowledge shared by all human societies that is central to cognition according to the text?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fundamental role of memory as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Developing a 'picture' of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions, according to the text?

    <p>Information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Semantic organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science?

    <p>Computer science and neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Information processing and computer science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of reality are not isomorphic with external reality?

    <p>Isomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental aspect that cognitive psychology is interested in, according to the text?

    <p>The scientific study of the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology, according to the text?

    <p>Models of human cognition based on how computers process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary goals of research in cognitive psychology, as per the text?

    <p>Theory development, hypothesis testing, and application to real-world settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Integration of virtual reality with cognitive experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Transformation of information into new mental representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Information processing and mental representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?

    <p>&quot;Consciousness&quot; as a fundamental aspect of cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory as mentioned in the text?

    <p>&quot;Perceptual processes and pattern recognition&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The capacity for parallel processing in human cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level might one explain motivation for reading in cognitive psychology?

    <p>The influence of emotional states on reading comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>The phenomenon of 'reconstructive memory'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sensory memory according to the text?

    <p>To transduce external energy into electrical stimulation for the brain to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Benjamin Bloom suggest as the affective domain of learning?

    <p>To like something or someone, love, appreciate, fear, hate, worship, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of sensory memory for hearing according to the text?

    <p>About 3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>Attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Cognitive neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Cognitive computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transduction of energy refer to in the context of sensory memory?

    <p>The conversion of external energy into electrical stimulation for the brain to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental capacity of the brain, according to the text?

    <p>Processing and retaining knowledge throughout an organism's lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?

    <p>The ability to learn and establish new memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of cognitive psychology according to the dictionary definition mentioned in the text?

    <p>To investigate mental phenomena such as perception and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means by which we acquire and express knowledge, as described in the text?

    <p>Through sensory inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Cognitive maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>1-2 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as per the text?

    <p>Advancements in computer technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is associated with retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration, according to the text?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Laboratory animals studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Neural networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Cognitive maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Studying mental processes such as perception, memory, and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which aspect of behavior is influenced by intentionality, goals, and plans, as mental phenomena?

    <p>Motivation for reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sensory memory according to the text?

    <p>Retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schemas and reconstructive memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Neuroimaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to, according to the text?

    <p>Emotional influences on cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental capacity of the brain, according to the text?

    <p>Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does memory play according to the text?

    <p>Influencing behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?

    <p>Memory systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the goals of research in cognitive psychology, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Hypothesis formulation, hypothesis testing, and theory development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>Computer simulations and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>The explanation of how and why thinking occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Internal representation transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Brain imaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Cognitive architecture of the human mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential characteristic of laboratory or other controlled experiments in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Rigorous control over experimental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?

    <p>The how and why of thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>The scientific study of the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Investigating mental phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of sensory memory for hearing according to the text?

    <p>About 3 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Convergence of computer science and neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, and Thinking?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of short-term memory according to the text?

    <p>Holding information temporarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Representation of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?

    <p>Psychobiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neuro cognitive techniques such as MRI, PET, and EEG show about cognition?

    <p>The neural basis of cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Benjamin Bloom suggest as the affective domain of learning?

    <p>Emotional response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of reality are not isomorphic with external reality?

    <p>Isomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Computer science and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?

    <p>Case studies and naturalistic observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, Developmental Psychology, and Thinking?

    <p>Computer science and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?

    <p>Computer science and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one form of knowledge shared by all human societies that is central to cognition according to the text?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the primary function of short-term memory according to the text?

    <p>Storing sensory information briefly for decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of attention, memory, pattern recognition, and language processes?

    <p>Computer science and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive science?

    <p>Integrating ideas and methods from various disciplines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Describing and explaining cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of early cognitive psychology, according to the text?

    <p>Studying neuroanatomy and physiological psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental difference between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The brain has distributed operations while computers have localized operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neuro cognitive techniques such as MRI, PET, and EEG, according to the text?

    <p>Showing the processes involved in cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as per the text?

    <p>The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Sensory inputs and representational knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central issue neurologists struggled with in terms of brain functions, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Whether learning takes place in localized areas or is distributed throughout many parts of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Using neuro cognitive techniques to investigate memory systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology?

    <p>The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Sensory inputs and representational knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Investigating sensory inputs and their relation to knowledge using neuro cognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is one of the primary functions of sensory memory?

    <p>Focusing on sensory inputs and their relation to knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Understanding the relationship between behavior and mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one form of knowledge shared by all human societies that is central to cognition, according to the text?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Episodic memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Experimental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science?

    <p>The field of cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key topics were ignored by the behaviorists that seemed to be profoundly related to human psychology?

    <p>Memory, attention, consciousness, thinking, and imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Tolman observe in his work that anticipated the contemporary preoccupation with how knowledge is represented in a cognitive structure?

    <p>Cognitive map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Sir Frederick Bartlett reject in his work 'Remembering' as a means of studying memory and forgetting?

    <p>Studying by means of nonsense syllables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution according to the text?

    <p>Information Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Verbal learning and semantic organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major influence on the development of cognitive science according to the text?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory according to the text?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition according to the text?

    <p>'Language acquisition and processing'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>Neurocognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Neurocognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Neurocognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Internal representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>Neurocognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Neurocognitive imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?

    <p>Head traumas incurred during wars and accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?

    <p>Head traumas incurred during wars and accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the various research methods described in cognitive psychology?

    <p>To achieve the goals of research in cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology, according to the text?

    <p>Both indirect and direct influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology, as described in the text?

    <p>Understanding mental phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The brain has emotional and intuitive capabilities that computers lack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of variables are held constant in controlled experimental designs in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Control variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept plays a central role in modern theories of memory, as introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett?

    <p>'Schemas'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of long-term memory according to the text?

    <p>To store information for an extended period, possibly for a lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>'Brain imaging techniques'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>'Artificial intelligence'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neural networks resemble more than earlier versions of computers according to the text?

    <p>Memory systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Understanding mental phenomena and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sensory memory involve?

    <p>Retaining exact copies of visual and auditory information for less than 1/2 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field contributes to cognitive science by providing methods and ideas?

    <p>Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Cognitive, psychomotor, affective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?

    <p>Computer science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of sensory memory for retaining visual information?

    <p>Less than 1/2 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'To recall, calculate, discuss, analyze, problem solve' are examples of which domain of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Cognitive domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cognitive psychology, what is the process by which a new mental representation is formed through the transformation of information?

    <p>Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal means by which we acquire and express knowledge in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of behavior is influenced by intentionality, goals, and plans, as mental phenomena?

    <p>Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important component of information processing and storage in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of internal representations are formed in cognitive maps in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Visual representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Virtual reality (VR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Understanding and applying knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology?

    <p>&quot;Language represents a unique kind of abstraction&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>&quot;Computers are limited by their programming while brains have inherent flexibility&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of sensory memory according to the text?

    <p>&quot;To filter incoming sensory stimuli&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Thinking&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Understanding the process of thinking and concept formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>The role of memory and perception in cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The rejection of the behaviorist perspective on consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>The reconstructive nature of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one form of knowledge shared by all human societies that is central to cognition according to the text?

    <p>Understanding of language and its usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>Ideas and methods from various disciplines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of sensory memory according to the text?

    <p>Storing auditory information for up to 2 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as per the text?

    <p>The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?

    <p>Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?

    <p>Empirical observation and experimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Virtual reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology, according to the text?

    <p>The emergence of communication theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Research in verbal learning and semantic organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?

    <p>Internal mental operations and structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental aspect of cognition that cognitive psychologists are particularly interested in studying?

    <p>Information processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>To understand how knowledge is represented in the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>'Isomorphism'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?

    <p>'Cognitive map' was useful for rats to find the goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'To recall, calculate, discuss, analyze, problem solve' are examples of which domain of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>'Cognitive domain'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Learning psychologist Edward Tolman from the University of California at Berkeley published Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men', some years before which event swept across psychology?

    <p>Failure of behaviorism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advances prompted reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?

    <p>Artificial intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology primarily study?

    <p>How people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for describing the development of appreciation for concepts in children from infancy to adolescence?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphic representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers according to the text?

    <p>Generalization makers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tolman's work with laboratory animals and Bartlett's work with human subjects suggest about information from the senses?

    <p>It is stored as a neurochemical code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the computer metaphor continue to have a profound impact on according to the text?

    <p>Cognitive psychology development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind according to the text?

    <p>The study of computer technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does neurocognitive imagery promise to become one of the major means of investigating according to the text?

    <p>Brain functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science according to the text?

    <p>Cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has cognitive psychology made full use of in investigating cognitive functions according to the text?

    <p>Neurocognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most prominent issues neurologists struggled with, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Learning distributed throughout many parts of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>To understand human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the internal workings of computers from the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Parallel processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>1-2 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fundamental role of memory as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To store information permanently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Constructivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Affective, Cognitive, Psychomotor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Advancements in <em>neuroimaging</em> techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who rejected the then popular view that memory and forgetting can be studied by means of nonsense syllables?

    <p>Hermann Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means by which cognitive psychologists study information processing and storage?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Neurological organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?

    <p>Pattern recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'To recall, calculate, discuss, analyze, problem solve' are examples of which domain of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Cognitive domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is an essential characteristic of laboratory or other controlled experiments in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Controlled conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sensory memory?

    <p>To transform external energy into electrical stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Benjamin Bloom's three domains of learning, what does the affective domain involve?

    <p>Liking, loving, and appreciating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of sensory memory for retaining visual information?

    <p>Less than 1/2 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field feeds into cognitive science by providing ideas and methods for research?

    <p>Human and artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the various research methods described in cognitive psychology?

    <p>To broaden and deepen understanding of cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three storage systems into which memory is usually divided?

    <p>Sensory, short-term, and long-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Exploring the operation of the mind and mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is believed to be the engine of cognition?

    <p>Memory processing and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>The study of mental processes such as perceiving and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cognition focuses on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, and Thinking?

    <p>Cognitive Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is associated with retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration?

    <p>Sensory Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>MRI Scanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Information Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Perceptual Constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, and Thinking?

    <p>Cognitive Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Information Processing and Pattern Recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution as per the text?

    <p>Artificial Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Adaptation to Environmental Stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental difference between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Computers are adept at forming generalizations and understanding complex patterns, while humans are poor at these tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for describing how children develop an appreciation for concepts from infancy to adolescence in the field of developmental psychology?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>High-speed digital computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of short-term memory according to the text?

    <p>Storing memories temporarily before transferring to long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>'Schema'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Learning psychologist Edward Tolman from the University of California at Berkeley published Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men', some years before which event swept across psychology?

    <p>'Neocognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Abstract representation of information from the senses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Sensory memory research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Modem linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Computers lack consciousness and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Memory research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Information processing theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Less than 1/2 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Cognitive, psychomotor, and affective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the concept that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Sir Frederick Bartlett</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science according to the text?

    <p>Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?

    <p>They learn environmental layouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which field does the study of how language is used originate according to the text?

    <p>Linguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology, according to the text?

    <p>Advancements in artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Quantum computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>Progress in cognitive neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Cognitive neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Understanding the how and the why of thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of variables are held constant in controlled experimental designs in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Control variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as per the text?

    <p>Information processing experimental method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Computer simulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?

    <p>The failures of mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>'Models of human cognition based on models of how computers process information'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory according to the text?

    <p>'Psychobiological research'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neurocognitive techniques such as MRI, PET, and EEG show about cognition?

    <p>They study the relationship between cognitive performance and cerebral events and situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Digital computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of cognitive psychology focuses on how cognitive structures develop?

    <p>Developmental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Studying mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Neuroimaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution as per the text?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?

    <p>Neuroimaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Less than 1 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Learning psychologist Edward Tolman from the University of California at Berkeley published Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men', some years before which event swept across psychology?

    <p>'The cognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Thinking is the crown jewel of cognition.' What does this statement imply according to the text?

    <p>'Thinking' is a fundamental aspect of cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Imagery' is especially interesting to cognitive psychologists because it is a form of:

    <p>'Internal representation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what has gained new respectability recently and now is a concept studied seriously in modern cognitive psychology?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphic representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain?

    <p>Computers have emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tolman observe in his work that anticipated the contemporary preoccupation with how knowledge is represented in a cognitive structure?

    <p>Lab animals store information as an abstract representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of cognition involves forming meaningful patterns from sensory stimuli?

    <p>Pattern Recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Neurocognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Cognitive maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?

    <p>'Consciousness'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist observed that what rats learn in a maze is the layout of the land rather than simply a series of S-R connections?

    <p>Tolman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Pattern Recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most prominent issues neurologists struggled with, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Whether learning takes place in a localised area of the brain or is distributed throughout many parts of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphic representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology, according to the text?

    <p>Failure of behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science according to the text?

    <p>Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Neuroimaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key topics were ignored by the behaviorists that seemed to be profoundly related to human psychology?

    <p>Attention, language processes, and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?

    <p>Neurocognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of reality are not isomorphic with external reality?

    <p>Isomorphic representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for this neocognitive revolution according to the text?

    <p>Computer science and technological advances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Information processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cognitive psychology, which storage system is affiliated with the transduction of energy?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Benjamin Bloom suggest as the three domains of learning?

    <p>Cognitive, psychomotor, affective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sensory memory according to the text?

    <p>To retain an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a short duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three domains of learning not mutually exclusive according to the text?

    <p>Cognitive, psychomotor, affective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sensory memory in the process of transduction?

    <p>Affiliating with the transduction of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the primary storage systems for memory?

    <p>Sensory and short-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Benjamin Bloom suggest as part of the cognitive domain of learning?

    <p>Thinking and problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the distinctive research methods used in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Pattern recognition and attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does modern cognitive psychology freely draw theories and techniques from?

    <p>Twelve principal areas of research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Research in cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fundamental to our existence according to the text?

    <p>Capacity to learn and establish new memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to the text?

    <p>Acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, preferences or understanding and may involve synthesizing and processing different types of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Understanding how and why humans think</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The brain operates using interconnected complex neural networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?

    <p>Cognitive science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Brain imaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>The emergence of cognitive science as a field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory according to the text?

    <p>'Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men' by Edward Tolman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Learning psychologist Edward Tolman from the University of California at Berkeley published 'Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men', some years before which event swept across psychology?

    <p>'The neocognitive revolution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?

    <p>'Attention'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Understanding mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cognitive representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution according to the text?

    <p>Advancements in neuroimaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Information theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the process by which a new mental representation is formed through the transformation of information?

    <p>Information assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between sensory memory and short-term memory, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Duration of retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the computer metaphor continue to have a profound impact on according to the text?

    <p>Representation of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?

    <p>Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?

    <p>Interdisciplinary ideas and methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?

    <p>Human processing capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?

    <p>Memory storage systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Neuro-cognitive techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?

    <p>The computer metaphor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>Thinking and concept formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental aspect of cognition that cognitive psychologists are particularly interested in studying?

    <p>Language development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for describing how children develop an appreciation for concepts from infancy to adolescence in the field of developmental psychology?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?

    <p>Sensory memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology, according to the text?

    <p>Exploring how humans think using various methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do cognitive psychologists use to study attention, memory, pattern recognition, and language processes?

    <p>Psychobiological research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the goals of research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Data gathering, data analysis, hypothesis testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method do researchers use to obtain richly textured information about how particular individuals think in a broad range of contexts?

    <p>Self-reports, case studies, and naturalistic observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The capability of computers to imitate human cognitive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, according to the text?

    <p>Computer models of human cognition based on models of how computers process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Representation of Knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?

    <p>The layout of the land rather than simply a series of S-R connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science according to the text?

    <p>Cognitive Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is a central focus of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Exploring perception, learning, memory, and thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major advancement has had a profound impact on the development of cognitive psychology?

    <p>Invention of high-speed digital computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of reality are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Isomorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jean Piaget contribute to the field of developmental psychology?

    <p>Description of children's development of concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Thinking is the crown jewel of cognition.' What does this statement imply according to the text?

    <p>Cognition revolves around thinking processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research method in cognitive psychology involves detailed studies of cognitive performance in everyday situations and non-laboratory contexts?

    <p>'Information Processing' activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Learning a specific act takes place in a localised area of the brain' or 'learning is distributed throughout many parts of the brain.' These statements reflect a debate concerning what aspect mentioned in the text?

    <p>'Nature versus Nurture'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Recent progress has been made in the field of neuroscience, comprising both structural and functional aspects.' What does this statement imply according to the text?

    <p>There have been advancements in both structural and functional aspects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology has been rapidly developing in the past several decades, allowing deeper insights into the brain's functions?

    <p>MRI technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theme runs from Greek philosophers through Renaissance scholars to contemporary cognitive psychologists?

    <p>An orderly unfolding of abilities with maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the specialty within computer science that had a major influence on the development of cognitive science?

    <p>Artificial intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept plays a central role in modern theories of memory and was introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did learning psychologist Edward Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?

    <p>The layout of the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory, areas significant to cognitive psychology?

    <p>Communication theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was displaced by behaviourism for about fifty years, leading to studies of internal mental operations and structures becoming unfashionable?

    <p>Psychological studies of mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory, leading to the development of memory system models and the appearance of testable models of other cognitive processes?

    <p>Verbal learning research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in psychology?

    <p>Artificial intelligence and computer science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area prompted psychologists to turn to cognitive psychology as interest began to focus on attention, memory, pattern recognition, language processes, thinking, and consciousness?

    <p>'Cognitive' topics considered outside experimental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was apparent based on the 'failure' of behaviorism?

    <p>'Internal mental processes' required investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze that anticipated the contemporary preoccupation with how knowledge is represented?

    <p>'Cognitive maps'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The emergence of which field caused reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?'

    <p>'Artificial intelligence'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted psychologists to turn to cognitive psychology as interest began to focus on various cognitive aspects?

    <p>'Cognitive' topics considered outside experimental psychology'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sensory memory?

    <p>To retain an exact copy of what is seen or heard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Benjamin Bloom, what does learning involve?

    <p>Recalling, calculating, discussing, analyzing, problem-solving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?

    <p>Nature vs. nurture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?

    <p>The brain's capacity to change in response to experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of psychobiological research in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Investigating the neural correlates of cognitive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?

    <p>Experimental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?

    <p>Schema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'To recall, calculate, discuss, analyze, problem solve' are examples of which domain of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?

    <p>Cognitive domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of internal representations are formed in cognitive maps in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Spatial representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?

    <p>Neuroimaging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

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