589 Questions
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Understanding the operation of the mind
What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?
The belief that behavior is the result of mental processes
In cognitive psychology, what mental phenomena may affect behavior?
Intentions, goals, and plans
Why are psychologists interested in explaining behavior?
To understand the operation of the mind
What processes might be appealed to when explaining comprehension of written text?
Perception of words and computation of meaning
At what level might one explain motivation for reading in cognitive psychology?
In terms of intentions, goals, and plans
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology, as described in the text?
Understanding mental processes through perception and comprehension of text
In cognitive psychology, what do researchers seek to explain in addition to describing cognition?
The how and the why of thinking
Which research method in cognitive psychology involves detailed studies of cognitive performance in everyday situations and non-laboratory contexts?
Case studies
What is the main purpose of using computer simulations in cognitive psychology?
To program computers to imitate human functions or processes
What is a characteristic of self-reports, case studies, and naturalistic observation in cognitive psychology research?
Generating descriptions of rare events or processes that have no other way to measure
What does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?
The how and the why of thinking
What is a crucial requirement for implementing the Information Processing experimental method mentioned in the text?
Exerting rigorous control over the experimental conditions
What is the primary focus of psychobiological research in cognitive psychology?
Studying images showing structures or activities in the brain of an individual with a particular cognitive deficit
What is an essential characteristic of laboratory or other controlled experiments in cognitive psychology?
"The experimenter controls as many aspects of the experimental situation as possible"
What is the focus of cognitive psychology according to the dictionary definition mentioned in the text?
Understanding the scientific study of the mind
What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology?
Models based on how computers process information
What is a primary goal of research in cognitive psychology?
Data gathering and analysis
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
Understanding language learning
According to the text, what is the capacity of the brain that is fundamental to our existence?
Memory formation and retention
What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?
Cognitive, psychomotor, affective
Which type of memory is associated with retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration?
Sensory memory
What does transduction of energy refer to in the context of sensory memory?
Conversion of external energy to electrical stimulation understood by the brain
Which field does cognitive science draw ideas and methods from?
Philosophy and anthropology
According to the text, what are the goals of research in cognitive psychology?
$-4(x - 3)2 + 2$
What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Nature vs. nurture vs. rationalism
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?
Synthesising and processing different types of information
What role does memory play according to the text?
Playing a pivotal and ubiquitous role in various aspects
Who is the notable developmental psychologist known for describing how children develop an appreciation for concepts from infancy to adolescence?
Jean Piaget
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphic representation
Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science?
Cognitive psychology and neuroscience
What did the early digital computers gain enormous acceptance for?
High-speed number crunching
What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?
Generalisations
What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?
Physiological psychology
What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Neuro cognitive imagery
What do neuro cognitive techniques such as MRI, PET, and EEG show about cognition?
Both the structures and processes involved
What is Karl Lashley known for wrestling with regarding the brain's functioning?
The holistic nature of the brain
What is undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science?
The traditional topics of cognitive psychology
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
The recent discoveries in neuroscience and computer science
What is believed to be the engine of cognition?
The brain
What is the fundamental aspect of cognition mentioned in the text?
Representation of knowledge
Which area of cognitive psychology focuses on how cognitive structures develop?
Developmental Psychology
What is the process by which a new mental representation is formed through the transformation of information?
Thinking and Concept Formation
What is the principal means by which we acquire and express knowledge according to the text?
Language
Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?
Cognitive science
What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, Developmental Psychology, and Thinking?
Ideas and methods from various fields
From which field does the study of how language is used originate according to the text?
Linguistics
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?
Research in cognitive science
What was the major influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?
Artificial intelligence
Which psychologist observed that what rats learn in a maze is the layout of the land rather than simply a series of S-R connections?
Edward Tolman
Who rejected the then popular view that memory and forgetting can be studied by means of nonsense syllables?
Frederick Bartlett
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema
What were neglected in favor of making observations on behavior rather than on the mental processes by the behaviourists?
Internal states
What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Communication theory
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Semantic organisation
What caused reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?
'Failure' of behaviourism
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Information Processing
Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Communication theory
During which period did interest again begin to focus on attention, memory, pattern recognition, images, semantic organisation, language processes, thinking, and consciousness?
Mid 20th century
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Studying mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Interest in attention, memory, pattern recognition, language processes, and consciousness
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?
Information Processing experimental method
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Nonsense syllables as a method for studying memory
What does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?
Consciousness
What did Jean Piaget describe in the field of developmental psychology?
The progression of children's understanding of concepts from infancy to adolescence
What evidence suggests that internal representations of reality are not isomorphic with external reality?
All of the above
What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
The brain operates holistically
Which discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?
Artificial intelligence
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Neuro cognitive imagery
What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?
Human problem solving
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
The use of neuro cognitive imagery
What is the primary means by which we acquire and express knowledge according to the text?
Language
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Pattern recognition
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Imagery
What is believed to be the engine of cognition?
Thinking
What is a primary goal of research in cognitive psychology?
To explain behavior
What role does memory play according to the text?
It influences perception
What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Neurocognitive techniques
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Representation of knowledge
Which area of cognitive psychology focuses on how cognitive structures develop?
Developmental psychology
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?
Information processing and storage
What is the focus of cognitive psychology according to the dictionary definition mentioned in the text?
Information processing and storage
From which field does the study of how language is used originate according to the text?
Linguistics
What are the primary goals of research in cognitive psychology?
Data collection, data analysis, and theory development
Which method in cognitive psychology involves detailed studies of cognitive performance in everyday situations and non-laboratory contexts?
Self-reports, case studies, and naturalistic observation
What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology?
Indirect influence through models of human cognition based on how computers process information
Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science?
Cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema
What does neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?
Human cognition
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Digital computers
What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?
'Cognitive domain', 'Affective domain', and 'Psychomotor domain'
What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?
'Motivation'
What is believed to be the engine of cognition?
Attention
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?
Acquiring knowledge and skills through study, experience, or teaching
Which psychologist observed that what rats learn in a maze is the layout of the land rather than simply a series of S-R connections?
Karl Lashley
What is the fundamental capacity of the brain, according to the text?
Memory
What does learning involve, according to Benjamin Bloom?
Recalling, analyzing, and problem solving
What is the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?
Sensory memory
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology, as mentioned in the text?
Memory
Which area of research does cognitive science draw ideas and methods from?
Psychology and anthropology
What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Parallel processing
What did Jean Piaget describe in the field of developmental psychology?
Cognitive structures
What is the specialty within computer science that has had a major influence on the development of cognitive science?
Artificial Intelligence
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphism theory
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema
Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Communication theory
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Failure of behaviorism
What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?
'Picture' of the environment
What prompted reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?
'Computer science'
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology, as described in the text?
'Cognitive functions'
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
'Internal mental processes'
Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?
Cognitive Science
What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Language processing
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Studying mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?
Internal mental processes and behavior
What discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?
Linguistics
What is believed to be the engine of cognition?
Information processing in the brain
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Representationalism
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing
What is the primary means by which we acquire and express knowledge, according to the text?
Language
What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?
Consciousness
What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology, according to the text?
Information processing
What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Information processing
According to the text, what is the engine of cognition?
Thinking
What is one form of knowledge shared by all human societies, according to the text?
Language
What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?
Attention
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions, according to the text?
Language
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?
Thinking and concept formation
What is an essential characteristic of laboratory or other controlled experiments in cognitive psychology, as mentioned in the text?
Pattern recognition
What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?
Sensory memory
Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science, as mentioned in the text?
Cybernetics and information theory
What did Jean Piaget primarily contribute to the field of developmental psychology?
Stages of cognitive development
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphic representation
What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Experimental psychology
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What is believed to be the engine of cognition?
The brain
What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?
Pattern recognition
What concept did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?
Physiological psychology
Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?
'Cognitive science'
What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
'Neuro cognitive imagery'
Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Physiological psychology
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Computer science
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
'Neuro cognitive imagery'
What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Computers have a fixed architecture, while the brain has a flexible and adaptable architecture.
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What is the fundamental aspect of cognition mentioned in the text?
Information processing
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
What role does memory play according to the text?
Memory actively constructs and organizes information.
What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?
The reliability of memory
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
"The computer metaphor" of the mind
From which field does the study of how language is used originate according to the text?
Linguistics
What is a crucial requirement for implementing the Information Processing experimental method mentioned in the text?
Exerting rigorous control over experimental conditions
What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?
Less than 1/2 second
According to Benjamin Bloom, what does the cognitive domain of learning involve?
Recall and problem-solving
What is the primary function of sensory memory according to the text?
Retains an exact copy of what is seen or heard
What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?
Cognitive, psychomotor, and affective
What is the capacity of sensory memory for hearing, as mentioned in the text?
About 3 seconds
According to the text, what is the fundamental role of memory?
Provides personal identity and sense of self
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?
Recall and problem-solving
What is the primary function of short-term memory according to the text?
Temporary retention of information
What did Benjamin Bloom suggest as the affective domain of learning?
Liking something or someone, loving, appreciating, fearing, hating, worshiping, etc.
What is the main function of long-term memory according to the text?
Stores information for a longer duration
What are the primary domains of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?
Cognitive – recall, calculate, discuss, analyse; psychomotor – dance, swim, ski; affective – like something or someone or appreciate
What is the duration of sensory memory for hearing according to the text?
About 3 seconds
What was the concept introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What was the main influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?
Artificial intelligence
What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Communication theory
Which type of memory is associated with retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration?
Sensory memory
What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?
The layout of the land
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
Neuroimaging techniques
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Failure of behaviorism
What is believed to be the engine of cognition?
Thinking
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Artificial intelligence
What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Language processing
What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, and Thinking?
Neuroimaging techniques
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
Understanding the relationship between perception and behavior
What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?
The role of consciousness in cognition
What is the capacity of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?
1-2 seconds
Which concept plays a central role in modern theories of memory, as introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett?
Schema
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Intentionality
What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Studying mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning
What is the primary means by which cognitive psychologists study information processing and storage?
Pattern recognition
Which aspect of cognition involves forming meaningful patterns from sensory stimuli?
Pattern recognition
What is the focus of developmental cognitive psychology?
Cognitive structures development
In cognitive psychology, what is the principal means by which we acquire and express knowledge?
Language
What is a fundamental aspect of cognition that cognitive psychologists are particularly interested in studying?
Thinking and concept formation
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Pattern recognition
What type of internal representations are formed in cognitive maps in cognitive psychology?
Cognitive representations
What is an important component of information processing and storage in cognitive psychology?
Language
What is one major area that has expanded our understanding of how cognitive structures develop?
Developmental psychology
What is one form of knowledge shared by all human societies that is central to cognition according to the text?
Language
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Pattern recognition
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphism
What was the fundamental role of memory as mentioned in the text?
Developing a 'picture' of the environment
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions, according to the text?
Information processing
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema
What does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?
Consciousness
What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?
Semantic organization
Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science?
Computer science and neuroscience
What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?
Schema theory
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Information processing and computer science
What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Communication theory
What caused reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?
Artificial intelligence
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of reality are not isomorphic with external reality?
Isomorphism
What is the fundamental aspect that cognitive psychology is interested in, according to the text?
The scientific study of the mind
What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology, according to the text?
Models of human cognition based on how computers process information
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as mentioned in the text?
Reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing
What are the primary goals of research in cognitive psychology, as per the text?
Theory development, hypothesis testing, and application to real-world settings
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Integration of virtual reality with cognitive experiments
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?
Transformation of information into new mental representations
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Information processing and mental representation
What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?
"Consciousness" as a fundamental aspect of cognition
What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory as mentioned in the text?
"Perceptual processes and pattern recognition"
What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
The capacity for parallel processing in human cognition
At what level might one explain motivation for reading in cognitive psychology?
The influence of emotional states on reading comprehension
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
The phenomenon of 'reconstructive memory'
What is the primary function of sensory memory according to the text?
To transduce external energy into electrical stimulation for the brain to understand
What did Benjamin Bloom suggest as the affective domain of learning?
To like something or someone, love, appreciate, fear, hate, worship, etc.
What is the duration of sensory memory for hearing according to the text?
About 3 seconds
What is believed to be the engine of cognition?
Attention
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Cognitive neuroscience
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Cognitive computing
What does transduction of energy refer to in the context of sensory memory?
The conversion of external energy into electrical stimulation for the brain to understand
What is the fundamental capacity of the brain, according to the text?
Processing and retaining knowledge throughout an organism's lifetime
What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?
The ability to learn and establish new memories
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema
What is the focus of cognitive psychology according to the dictionary definition mentioned in the text?
To investigate mental phenomena such as perception and memory
What is the primary means by which we acquire and express knowledge, as described in the text?
Through sensory inputs
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Cognitive maps
What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?
1-2 seconds
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as per the text?
Advancements in computer technology
Which type of memory is associated with retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration, according to the text?
Sensory memory
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?
Laboratory animals studies
Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?
Cognitive science
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Neural networks
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Cognitive maps
Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?
Cognitive science
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Studying mental processes such as perception, memory, and reasoning
According to the text, which aspect of behavior is influenced by intentionality, goals, and plans, as mental phenomena?
Motivation for reading
What is the role of sensory memory according to the text?
Retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration
What concept introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schemas and reconstructive memory
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Neuroimaging techniques
What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to, according to the text?
Emotional influences on cognition
What is the fundamental capacity of the brain, according to the text?
Cognition
What role does memory play according to the text?
Influencing behavior
What concept did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?
Memory systems
What are the goals of research in cognitive psychology, as discussed in the text?
Hypothesis formulation, hypothesis testing, and theory development
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
Computer simulations and artificial intelligence
What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?
The explanation of how and why thinking occurs
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?
Internal representation transformation
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Brain imaging techniques
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Cognitive architecture of the human mind
What is an essential characteristic of laboratory or other controlled experiments in cognitive psychology?
Rigorous control over experimental conditions
What does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?
The how and why of thinking
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
The scientific study of the mind
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Investigating mental phenomena
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What is the duration of sensory memory for hearing according to the text?
About 3 seconds
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Convergence of computer science and neuroscience
What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, and Thinking?
Cognitive science
What is the primary function of short-term memory according to the text?
Holding information temporarily
What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Representation of knowledge
What discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?
Psychobiology
What do neuro cognitive techniques such as MRI, PET, and EEG show about cognition?
The neural basis of cognition
What is the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?
Sensory memory
What concept did Benjamin Bloom suggest as the affective domain of learning?
Emotional response
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of reality are not isomorphic with external reality?
Isomorphism
Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science, as mentioned in the text?
Computer science and artificial intelligence
What was the major influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?
Artificial intelligence
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?
Case studies and naturalistic observation
Which term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphism
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Artificial intelligence
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Artificial intelligence
What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, Developmental Psychology, and Thinking?
Computer science and artificial intelligence
What discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?
Computer science and artificial intelligence
What was one form of knowledge shared by all human societies that is central to cognition according to the text?
Language
What is believed to be the primary function of short-term memory according to the text?
Storing sensory information briefly for decision-making
What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of attention, memory, pattern recognition, and language processes?
Computer science and artificial intelligence
What is the primary focus of cognitive science?
Integrating ideas and methods from various disciplines
What is the main goal of research in cognitive psychology?
Describing and explaining cognition
Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Cognitive science
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Abstraction
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Artificial intelligence
According to the text, what does the field of cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition?
Consciousness
What was the primary focus of early cognitive psychology, according to the text?
Studying neuroanatomy and physiological psychology
What is a fundamental difference between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
The brain has distributed operations while computers have localized operations
What is the primary function of neuro cognitive techniques such as MRI, PET, and EEG, according to the text?
Showing the processes involved in cognition
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as per the text?
The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Sensory inputs and representational knowledge
What is the central issue neurologists struggled with in terms of brain functions, as mentioned in the text?
Whether learning takes place in localized areas or is distributed throughout many parts of the brain
What field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?
Cognitive science
What is one of the primary goals of research in cognitive psychology?
Using neuro cognitive techniques to investigate memory systems
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology?
The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Sensory inputs and representational knowledge
What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Investigating sensory inputs and their relation to knowledge using neuro cognitive techniques
According to the text, what is one of the primary functions of sensory memory?
Focusing on sensory inputs and their relation to knowledge
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Understanding the relationship between behavior and mental processes
What was one form of knowledge shared by all human societies that is central to cognition, according to the text?
Language
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Episodic memory
What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?
Experimental psychology
What is undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science?
The field of cognitive psychology
What was the major influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?
Artificial intelligence
What key topics were ignored by the behaviorists that seemed to be profoundly related to human psychology?
Memory, attention, consciousness, thinking, and imagery
What concept did Tolman observe in his work that anticipated the contemporary preoccupation with how knowledge is represented in a cognitive structure?
Cognitive map
What did Sir Frederick Bartlett reject in his work 'Remembering' as a means of studying memory and forgetting?
Studying by means of nonsense syllables
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution according to the text?
Information Processing
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Verbal learning and semantic organization
What was a major influence on the development of cognitive science according to the text?
Artificial intelligence
What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory according to the text?
Communication theory
What did cognitive psychology hope to understand beyond cognition according to the text?
'Language acquisition and processing'
According to the text, what does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
Neurocognitive techniques
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Neurocognitive techniques
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
The brain
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Neurocognitive techniques
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Internal representations
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
Neurocognitive techniques
Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Cognitive psychology
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Neurocognitive imagery
What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Cognitive psychology
What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?
Head traumas incurred during wars and accidents
What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?
Head traumas incurred during wars and accidents
What is the primary role of the various research methods described in cognitive psychology?
To achieve the goals of research in cognitive psychology
What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology, according to the text?
Both indirect and direct influences
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology, as described in the text?
Understanding mental phenomena
What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
The brain has emotional and intuitive capabilities that computers lack
What kind of variables are held constant in controlled experimental designs in cognitive psychology?
Control variables
What concept plays a central role in modern theories of memory, as introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett?
'Schemas'
What is the primary function of long-term memory according to the text?
To store information for an extended period, possibly for a lifetime
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
'Brain imaging techniques'
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
'Artificial intelligence'
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Learning
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Artificial intelligence
What do neural networks resemble more than earlier versions of computers according to the text?
Memory systems
What is the primary concern of cognitive psychology?
Understanding mental phenomena and cognition
What does sensory memory involve?
Retaining exact copies of visual and auditory information for less than 1/2 second
Which field contributes to cognitive science by providing methods and ideas?
Linguistics
What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?
Cognitive, psychomotor, affective
What is the major influence on the development of cognitive science, especially in terms of program design?
Computer science
What is the capacity of sensory memory for retaining visual information?
Less than 1/2 second
'To recall, calculate, discuss, analyze, problem solve' are examples of which domain of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?
Cognitive domain
In cognitive psychology, what is the process by which a new mental representation is formed through the transformation of information?
Thinking
What is the principal means by which we acquire and express knowledge in cognitive psychology?
Language
Which aspect of behavior is influenced by intentionality, goals, and plans, as mental phenomena?
Thinking
What is an important component of information processing and storage in cognitive psychology?
Memory
What type of internal representations are formed in cognitive maps in cognitive psychology?
Visual representations
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Virtual reality (VR)
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?
Understanding and applying knowledge
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology?
"Language represents a unique kind of abstraction"
What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
"Computers are limited by their programming while brains have inherent flexibility"
What was the primary function of sensory memory according to the text?
"To filter incoming sensory stimuli"
What was believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
"Thinking"
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology as mentioned in the text?
Understanding the process of thinking and concept formation
What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?
The role of memory and perception in cognition
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as mentioned in the text?
The rejection of the behaviorist perspective on consciousness
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
The reconstructive nature of memory
What is one form of knowledge shared by all human societies that is central to cognition according to the text?
Understanding of language and its usage
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
Ideas and methods from various disciplines
What is one of the primary functions of sensory memory according to the text?
Storing auditory information for up to 2 minutes
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as per the text?
The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology
What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?
Sensory memory
What discipline contributes to the convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology to create cognitive science?
Linguistics
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?
Empirical observation and experimentation
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Virtual reality
What was one of the main forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology, according to the text?
The emergence of communication theory.
What did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Research in verbal learning and semantic organization
What did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?
Internal mental operations and structures
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Artificial intelligence
What is a fundamental aspect of cognition that cognitive psychologists are particularly interested in studying?
Information processing
What is one of the primary goals of research in cognitive psychology?
To understand how knowledge is represented in the mind
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
'Isomorphism'
What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?
'Cognitive map' was useful for rats to find the goal
'To recall, calculate, discuss, analyze, problem solve' are examples of which domain of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?
'Cognitive domain'
'Learning psychologist Edward Tolman from the University of California at Berkeley published Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men', some years before which event swept across psychology?
Failure of behaviorism.
What technological advances prompted reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?
Artificial intelligence.
What does cognitive psychology primarily study?
How people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information
Who is known for describing the development of appreciation for concepts in children from infancy to adolescence?
Jean Piaget
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphic representation
What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers according to the text?
Generalization makers
What did Tolman's work with laboratory animals and Bartlett's work with human subjects suggest about information from the senses?
It is stored as a neurochemical code
What does the computer metaphor continue to have a profound impact on according to the text?
Cognitive psychology development
What has fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind according to the text?
The study of computer technology
What does neurocognitive imagery promise to become one of the major means of investigating according to the text?
Brain functions
What is believed to be undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science according to the text?
Cognitive psychology
What has cognitive psychology made full use of in investigating cognitive functions according to the text?
Neurocognitive techniques
What was among the most prominent issues neurologists struggled with, as mentioned in the text?
Learning distributed throughout many parts of the brain
What is the primary goal of research in cognitive psychology?
To understand human behavior
What distinguishes the internal workings of computers from the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Parallel processing
What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?
1-2 seconds
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema
What was the fundamental role of memory as mentioned in the text?
To store information permanently
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Constructivism
What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?
Affective, Cognitive, Psychomotor
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Advancements in neuroimaging techniques.
Who rejected the then popular view that memory and forgetting can be studied by means of nonsense syllables?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
What is the primary means by which cognitive psychologists study information processing and storage?
Pattern recognition
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Cognitive science
What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Neurological organization
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema
What is believed to be the engine of cognition?
Thinking
What does cognitive psychology make full use of in investigating cognitive functions?
Pattern recognition
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?
Cognitive science
'To recall, calculate, discuss, analyze, problem solve' are examples of which domain of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?
Cognitive domain
According to the text, what is an essential characteristic of laboratory or other controlled experiments in cognitive psychology?
Controlled conditions
Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Artificial intelligence
What is the primary function of sensory memory?
To transform external energy into electrical stimulation
In Benjamin Bloom's three domains of learning, what does the affective domain involve?
Liking, loving, and appreciating
What is the capacity of sensory memory for retaining visual information?
Less than 1/2 second
Which field feeds into cognitive science by providing ideas and methods for research?
Human and artificial intelligence
What is the primary role of the various research methods described in cognitive psychology?
To broaden and deepen understanding of cognition
What are the three storage systems into which memory is usually divided?
Sensory, short-term, and long-term
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Exploring the operation of the mind and mental processes
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
According to the text, what is believed to be the engine of cognition?
Memory processing and storage
What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?
The study of mental processes such as perceiving and reasoning
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as mentioned in the text?
The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
The convergence of computer science, neuroscience, and cognitive psychology
What aspect of cognition focuses on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, and Thinking?
Cognitive Science
Which type of memory is associated with retaining an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a very short duration?
Sensory Memory
What did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema Theory
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
MRI Scanning
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology as mentioned in the text?
Information Processing
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema Theory
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Perceptual Constancy
What do cognitive psychologists use to focus on the study of Information Processing, Pattern Recognition, Attention, Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge, Imagery, Language, and Thinking?
Cognitive Science
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Information Processing and Pattern Recognition
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution as per the text?
Artificial Intelligence
What is a distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Adaptation to Environmental Stimuli
What is the fundamental difference between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Computers are adept at forming generalizations and understanding complex patterns, while humans are poor at these tasks.
Who is known for describing how children develop an appreciation for concepts from infancy to adolescence in the field of developmental psychology?
Jean Piaget
What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?
Sensory memory
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
High-speed digital computers
What is the primary function of short-term memory according to the text?
Storing memories temporarily before transferring to long-term memory
Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Cognitive psychology
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
'Schema'
'Learning psychologist Edward Tolman from the University of California at Berkeley published Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men', some years before which event swept across psychology?
'Neocognitive revolution'
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom?
Abstract representation of information from the senses
What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Sensory memory research
Which area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science, as mentioned in the text?
Cognitive psychology
Which area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Communication theory
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology?
Modem linguistics
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Computers lack consciousness and understanding
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Memory research
What was believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Information processing theory
What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?
Less than 1/2 second
What are the three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?
Cognitive, psychomotor, and affective
Who introduced the concept that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Sir Frederick Bartlett
What is believed to be undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science according to the text?
Cognition
What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?
They learn environmental layouts
From which field does the study of how language is used originate according to the text?
Linguistics
What is the main influence of digital computers on the emergence of the study of cognitive psychology, according to the text?
Advancements in artificial intelligence
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Quantum computing
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
Progress in cognitive neuroscience
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Cognitive neuroscience
What is the primary goal of research in cognitive psychology?
Understanding the how and the why of thinking
What kind of variables are held constant in controlled experimental designs in cognitive psychology?
Control variables
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, as per the text?
Information processing experimental method
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Computer simulations
What has historically fueled curiosity about the operation of the mind?
The failures of mental processes
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
'Models of human cognition based on models of how computers process information'
What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory according to the text?
'Psychobiological research'
What do neurocognitive techniques such as MRI, PET, and EEG show about cognition?
They study the relationship between cognitive performance and cerebral events and situations
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Digital computers
Which area of cognitive psychology focuses on how cognitive structures develop?
Developmental psychology
What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?
Consciousness
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Studying mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning
According to the text, which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Cognitive psychology
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century, as mentioned in the text?
Neuroimaging techniques
What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?
Consciousness
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution as per the text?
Artificial intelligence
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?
Neuroimaging techniques
What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory as mentioned in the text?
Artificial intelligence
What is the duration of sensory memory for vision, as mentioned in the text?
Less than 1 second
'Learning psychologist Edward Tolman from the University of California at Berkeley published Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men', some years before which event swept across psychology?
'The cognitive revolution'
'Thinking is the crown jewel of cognition.' What does this statement imply according to the text?
'Thinking' is a fundamental aspect of cognition
'Imagery' is especially interesting to cognitive psychologists because it is a form of:
'Internal representation'
According to the text, what has gained new respectability recently and now is a concept studied seriously in modern cognitive psychology?
Consciousness
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphic representation
According to the text, what was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain?
Computers have emotions
Which field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?
Cognitive science
What did Tolman observe in his work that anticipated the contemporary preoccupation with how knowledge is represented in a cognitive structure?
Lab animals store information as an abstract representation
Which aspect of cognition involves forming meaningful patterns from sensory stimuli?
Pattern Recognition
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Neurocognitive techniques
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Cognitive maps
What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?
'Consciousness'
Which psychologist observed that what rats learn in a maze is the layout of the land rather than simply a series of S-R connections?
Tolman
What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Pattern Recognition
What was among the most prominent issues neurologists struggled with, as mentioned in the text?
Whether learning takes place in a localised area of the brain or is distributed throughout many parts of the brain.
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphic representation
What was one of the main forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in cognitive psychology, according to the text?
Failure of behaviorism
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What is believed to be undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science according to the text?
Cognition
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Neuroimaging techniques
What was the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
Consciousness
What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Communication theory
What key topics were ignored by the behaviorists that seemed to be profoundly related to human psychology?
Attention, language processes, and memory
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?
Neurocognitive techniques
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of reality are not isomorphic with external reality?
Isomorphic representations
What was among the most important forces accounting for this neocognitive revolution according to the text?
Computer science and technological advances.
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Information processing.
In cognitive psychology, which storage system is affiliated with the transduction of energy?
Sensory memory
What did Benjamin Bloom suggest as the three domains of learning?
Cognitive, psychomotor, affective
What is the primary function of sensory memory according to the text?
To retain an exact copy of what is seen or heard for a short duration
What are the three domains of learning not mutually exclusive according to the text?
Cognitive, psychomotor, affective
What is the role of sensory memory in the process of transduction?
Affiliating with the transduction of energy
According to the text, what are the primary storage systems for memory?
Sensory and short-term memory
What did Benjamin Bloom suggest as part of the cognitive domain of learning?
Thinking and problem-solving
What are the distinctive research methods used in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Pattern recognition and attention
What does modern cognitive psychology freely draw theories and techniques from?
Twelve principal areas of research
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition according to the text?
Research in cognitive science
What is fundamental to our existence according to the text?
Capacity to learn and establish new memories
What does learning involve according to the text?
Acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, preferences or understanding and may involve synthesizing and processing different types of information
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Understanding how and why humans think
What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
The brain operates using interconnected complex neural networks
What field uses ideas and methods from cognitive psychology, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology?
Cognitive science
What technology promises to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Brain imaging techniques
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema theory
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
The emergence of cognitive science as a field
What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory according to the text?
'Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men' by Edward Tolman
'Learning psychologist Edward Tolman from the University of California at Berkeley published 'Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men', some years before which event swept across psychology?
'The neocognitive revolution'
'What is defined as 'the current awareness of external or internal circumstances' in the text?
'Attention'
According to the text, what is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Understanding mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, and reasoning
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world, as mentioned in the text?
Cognitive representation
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution according to the text?
Advancements in neuroimaging techniques
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems, as mentioned in the text?
Information theory
What does learning involve according to Benjamin Bloom, as mentioned in the text?
Acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes
What term is used to describe the process by which a new mental representation is formed through the transformation of information?
Information assimilation
What is the distinguishing factor between sensory memory and short-term memory, as mentioned in the text?
Duration of retention
What does the computer metaphor continue to have a profound impact on according to the text?
Representation of knowledge
What concept did early cognitive psychology give little attention to?
Consciousness
What do cognitive psychologists use to broaden and deepen their understanding of cognition?
Interdisciplinary ideas and methods
What do neural networks, the second generation of cognitive-computer scientists, resemble more than earlier versions of computers?
Human processing capabilities
What area prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory?
Memory storage systems
What is poised to make another paradigm shift in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Neuro-cognitive techniques
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution?
The computer metaphor
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
Thinking and concept formation
What is a fundamental aspect of cognition that cognitive psychologists are particularly interested in studying?
Language development
Who is known for describing how children develop an appreciation for concepts from infancy to adolescence in the field of developmental psychology?
Jean Piaget
What is believed to be the first storage system for memory mentioned in the text?
Sensory memory
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology, according to the text?
Exploring how humans think using various methods
What do cognitive psychologists use to study attention, memory, pattern recognition, and language processes?
Psychobiological research
What are the goals of research in cognitive psychology?
Data gathering, data analysis, hypothesis testing
What method do researchers use to obtain richly textured information about how particular individuals think in a broad range of contexts?
Self-reports, case studies, and naturalistic observation
What is the distinguishing factor between the internal workings of computers and the internal workings of the brain, as mentioned in the text?
The capability of computers to imitate human cognitive functions
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution, according to the text?
Computer models of human cognition based on models of how computers process information
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce, which plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Representation of Knowledge
What area of scientific development converges to create a new science called cognitive science, as mentioned in the text?
Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience
What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?
The layout of the land rather than simply a series of S-R connections
What are three domains of learning suggested by Benjamin Bloom?
Consciousness, Memory, Representation of Knowledge
What is believed to be undergoing a radical transformation as a result of major changes in computer technology and brain science according to the text?
Cognitive Function
According to the text, what is a central focus of cognitive psychology?
Exploring perception, learning, memory, and thinking
What major advancement has had a profound impact on the development of cognitive psychology?
Invention of high-speed digital computers
What term is used to describe the concept that internal representations of reality are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Isomorphism
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
The brain
What area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Neuroscience
What did Jean Piaget contribute to the field of developmental psychology?
Description of children's development of concepts
'Thinking is the crown jewel of cognition.' What does this statement imply according to the text?
Cognition revolves around thinking processes
What research method in cognitive psychology involves detailed studies of cognitive performance in everyday situations and non-laboratory contexts?
'Information Processing' activity
'Learning a specific act takes place in a localised area of the brain' or 'learning is distributed throughout many parts of the brain.' These statements reflect a debate concerning what aspect mentioned in the text?
'Nature versus Nurture'
'Recent progress has been made in the field of neuroscience, comprising both structural and functional aspects.' What does this statement imply according to the text?
There have been advancements in both structural and functional aspects.
What technology has been rapidly developing in the past several decades, allowing deeper insights into the brain's functions?
MRI technology
What theme runs from Greek philosophers through Renaissance scholars to contemporary cognitive psychologists?
An orderly unfolding of abilities with maturation
What was the specialty within computer science that had a major influence on the development of cognitive science?
Artificial intelligence
Which concept plays a central role in modern theories of memory and was introduced by Sir Frederick Bartlett?
Schema
What did learning psychologist Edward Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze?
The layout of the land
What prompted experiments in signal detection, attention, cybernetics, and information theory, areas significant to cognitive psychology?
Communication theory
What was displaced by behaviourism for about fifty years, leading to studies of internal mental operations and structures becoming unfashionable?
Psychological studies of mental processes
What provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory, leading to the development of memory system models and the appearance of testable models of other cognitive processes?
Verbal learning research
What was among the most important forces accounting for the neocognitive revolution in psychology?
Artificial intelligence and computer science
Which area prompted psychologists to turn to cognitive psychology as interest began to focus on attention, memory, pattern recognition, language processes, thinking, and consciousness?
'Cognitive' topics considered outside experimental psychology
What was apparent based on the 'failure' of behaviorism?
'Internal mental processes' required investigation
What did Tolman observe about what rats learn in a maze that anticipated the contemporary preoccupation with how knowledge is represented?
'Cognitive maps'
'The emergence of which field caused reexamination of basic postulates of problem solving and memory processing and storage?'
'Artificial intelligence'
What prompted psychologists to turn to cognitive psychology as interest began to focus on various cognitive aspects?
'Cognitive' topics considered outside experimental psychology'
What is the primary function of sensory memory?
To retain an exact copy of what is seen or heard
According to Benjamin Bloom, what does learning involve?
Recalling, calculating, discussing, analyzing, problem-solving
What concept did Sir Frederick Bartlett introduce that plays a central role in modern theories of memory?
Schema
What is one of the key issues highlighted in cognitive psychology according to the text?
Nature vs. nurture
What is believed to be the engine of cognition according to the text?
The brain's capacity to change in response to experience
What is the primary focus of psychobiological research in cognitive psychology?
Investigating the neural correlates of cognitive functions
Which area of research provided a sturdy empirical base for theories of memory and led to the development of models of memory systems?
Experimental psychology
What is the term used to describe the concept that internal representations of the world are not identical to the physical properties of the world?
Schema
'To recall, calculate, discuss, analyze, problem solve' are examples of which domain of learning according to Benjamin Bloom?
Cognitive domain
What type of internal representations are formed in cognitive maps in cognitive psychology?
Spatial representations
What is poised to become one of the major means of investigating cognitive functions in the twenty-first century?
Neuroimaging techniques
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