AP Psychology Unit 5: Learning Flashcards

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Albert Bandura

<p>Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edward Thorndike = Law of Effect Albert Bandura = Social Learning Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thorndike's work on behavior and consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior is more likely to occur in similar situations after receiving a desirable outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our capacity to learn new behaviors that enable us to cope with challenging circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning that certain events occur together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actions performed by an organism that can be seen and measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The view that psychology should study behavior without reference to mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A classical conditioning term where a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diminishing of a conditioned response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state in which an organism feels helpless to avoid an aversive stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and those followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of the desired behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method of teaching or reinforcing a skill by breaking it down into a series of smaller tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus associated with reinforcement that exerts control over a specific type of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that increases behaviors by presenting positive stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that increases behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A time delay between the desired response of an organism and the delivery of a reward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcement that occurs immediately after desired or undesired behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An event that decreases the behavior that it follows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcing a response only part of the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule that reinforces only after a specified number of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removing a certain desired stimulus/item after a particular undesired behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mental representation of the layout of one's environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When an expected external incentive decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning by observing others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive, constructive, helpful behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory by Albert Bandura stating that social behavior is learned primarily by observing and imitating others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aversion for a particular taste or smell associated with a negative reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method in behaviorism used to stop undesirable behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system that rewards good behavior with tokens that can be exchanged for something desired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of problem-solving that happens all-of-a-sudden through understanding relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to revert to instinctual behaviors after learning new ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychologist known for his work on classical conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A psychologist known for developing the theory of operant conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers