Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of NB-IoT in terms of battery life?
What is a characteristic of NB-IoT in terms of battery life?
What is a challenge associated with NB-IoT?
What is a challenge associated with NB-IoT?
What is an application of NB-IoT?
What is an application of NB-IoT?
What is the range of LoRa WAN in dense urban areas?
What is the range of LoRa WAN in dense urban areas?
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What is a characteristic of SigFox?
What is a characteristic of SigFox?
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What is the range of SigFox in rural areas?
What is the range of SigFox in rural areas?
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What type of modulation is used in Z-Wave?
What type of modulation is used in Z-Wave?
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What is the typical data rate of Z-Wave devices?
What is the typical data rate of Z-Wave devices?
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What is the maximum range of Z-Wave devices outdoors?
What is the maximum range of Z-Wave devices outdoors?
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In what type of application is Z-Wave commonly used?
In what type of application is Z-Wave commonly used?
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What type of network topology does Z-Wave use?
What type of network topology does Z-Wave use?
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What type of devices are part of the PAN (Personal Area Network)?
What type of devices are part of the PAN (Personal Area Network)?
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What is the main component of IoT Architecture?
What is the main component of IoT Architecture?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of IoT communication protocol?
Which of the following is NOT a type of IoT communication protocol?
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What is the purpose of the Client in IoT Architecture?
What is the purpose of the Client in IoT Architecture?
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Which of the following IoT communication protocols is used for indoor coverage for low power?
Which of the following IoT communication protocols is used for indoor coverage for low power?
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What is the main characteristic of NB-IoT?
What is the main characteristic of NB-IoT?
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What is the purpose of the Infrastructure in IoT Architecture?
What is the purpose of the Infrastructure in IoT Architecture?
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Which of the following is a type of IoT device?
Which of the following is a type of IoT device?
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What is the purpose of the Cloud in IoT Architecture?
What is the purpose of the Cloud in IoT Architecture?
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What is the approximate range of ZigBee technology?
What is the approximate range of ZigBee technology?
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What is the frequency used by Bluetooth 4.2?
What is the frequency used by Bluetooth 4.2?
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What is the maximum data rate of NFC?
What is the maximum data rate of NFC?
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What is the type of RFID system that uses an active tag and a reader?
What is the type of RFID system that uses an active tag and a reader?
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What is the primary application of PLC?
What is the primary application of PLC?
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What is the bandwidth allocated for NFC?
What is the bandwidth allocated for NFC?
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What is the primary advantage of ZigBee over Bluetooth?
What is the primary advantage of ZigBee over Bluetooth?
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What is the type of RFID tag that uses a battery to power its circuitry?
What is the type of RFID tag that uses a battery to power its circuitry?
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Study Notes
IoT Communication
- IoT Communication involves various architectures, including Endpoint, Infrastructure, Internet Infrastructure, Cloud, and Client.
IoT Architecture
- Endpoint Architecture consists of Nodes, Sensors, Actuators, and Aggregators.
- Infrastructure Architecture consists of Routers and Gateways.
- Internet Infrastructure includes LAN and Edge Router.
- Cloud Architecture includes Analysis, Storage, Management, and Provisioning.
- Client Architecture involves End-user applications.
IoT Communication Technologies
- Bluetooth is a wireless personal area network (PAN) technology.
- ZigBee is a low-power, low-cost, and low-bandwidth technology.
- Z-Wave is a low-energy, mesh network technology suitable for control and sensor applications.
- NFC (Near Field Communication) is a short-range, high-frequency technology used for data exchange.
- RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology used for automatic object identification and tracking.
- WiFi is a wireless networking technology used for Internet Infrastructure.
- Cellular Network is a wireless network used for wide-range communication.
- LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) is a technology used for low-power, wide-area communication.
- NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) is a LPWAN technology used for low-power, wide-area communication.
- LoRa (Long Range) is a LPWAN technology used for low-power, wide-area communication.
- SigFox is a LPWAN technology used for low-power, wide-area communication.
NB-IoT
- NB-IoT uses OFDM modulation for downlink communication and SC-FDMA for uplink communication.
- NB-IoT has a single narrowband up to 200 kHz.
- NB-IoT is suitable for indoor coverage, low cost, and extended battery life.
- NB-IoT has challenges such as device mobility, data transmission, and roaming.
LoRa
- LoRa is a low-power, wide-area technology with a range of 2-5 km in dense urban and 15 km in suburban areas.
- LoRa has bi-directional communication, end-to-end security, mobility, and localization services.
- LoRa has a rate of 0.3Kbit/s to 50Kbit/s per channel.
SigFox
- SigFox is a low-power, wide-area technology with a range of 30-50 km in rural and 3-10 km in urban areas.
- SigFox has a rate of 10-1000 bps.
- SigFox has a bandwidth of 200 kHz.
WiFi
- WiFi has two modes: Infrastructure NW Mode and Ad-hoc Mode.
- Infrastructure NW Mode has a single hop, no direct connection, and only AP.
- Ad-hoc Mode has no AP, direct connection, and multi-hop.
PAN
- PAN includes ZigBee, Bluetooth, RFID, and NFC.
- PAN is used for personal area networking.
Z-Wave
- Z-Wave is a low-energy, mesh network technology suitable for control and sensor applications.
- Z-Wave has a data rate of up to 100 kbit/s.
- Z-Wave has a range of 200 meters line of sight outdoors and 50 meters line of sight indoors.
ZigBee
- ZigBee is a low-power, low-cost, and low-bandwidth technology.
- ZigBee has a rate of 250 kb/s - 2.4 GHz and 20-40 kb/s - 868/915 MHz.
- ZigBee has a range of 10-20 meters.
- ZigBee is used for industrial sector and mesh network.
Bluetooth
- Bluetooth is a wireless personal area network (PAN) technology.
- Bluetooth has a range of 10 meters.
- Bluetooth has a rate of 2 Mb/s.
- Bluetooth has a frequency of 2.4 GHz.
NFC
- NFC is a short-range, high-frequency technology used for data exchange.
- NFC has a range of 4 cm.
- NFC has a data rate of 106-848 kbit/s.
- NFC has a frequency of 13.56 MHz.
RFID
- RFID is a technology used for automatic object identification and tracking.
- RFID uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.
- RFID has an active initiator device and a passive target device.
- RFID has a reader and a tag.
PLC
- PLC is a technology used for carrying data on a conductor that is also used simultaneously for AC.
- PLC is used for indoor PLC.
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Description
This quiz covers the architectures and infrastructures involved in IoT communication, including network models, endpoints, and internet infrastructure. It also explores the components of IoT infrastructure, such as sensors, actuators, and gateways.
