IoT Architecture and Protocols

IoT Architecture and Protocols

• IoT architecture is a framework specifying physical elements, network arrangements, operating procedures, and data formats for IoT applications.
• IoT architectures are flexible, accommodating various execution methods and open protocols.
• A three-layer architecture (Perception, Network, Application) is a common, initial structure in IoT study.

Perception Layer

• The physical layer in IoT architecture.
• Consists primarily of sensors and embedded systems.
• Gathers large amounts of data based on requirements.
• Includes edge devices, sensors, and actuators that communicate with the surroundings.
• Detects spatial parameters and other intelligent objects.

Network Layer

• Responsible for distributing and storing data obtained from devices.
• Connects intelligent objects to other intelligent objects and network devices.
• Manages data transfer and links intelligent objects, network devices, and servers.
• Handles sensor data distribution and analysis.

Application Layer

• User interaction layer.
• Provides software resources to customers.
• Handles application-specific resources, specifying uses like smart homes, cities, and health.
• Examples include smart home apps controlling appliances.

5 Layer Architecture of IoT

• An extension of the basic 3-layer IoT architecture.
• It includes two additional layers (Middleware and Business).
• Perception, Network, Middleware, Business, and Application layers are included.
• Useful for projects with broad application areas and advanced technologies.
• The architecture provides data processing, storage, and actions, enabling business logic.

Cloud Based Architecture of IoT

• Utilizes cloud modules for data processing and cloud computing.
• Facilitates smooth data transitions using strong cloud architecture.
• Architecture must be agile to accommodate new software and platforms.
• Critical for large-scale IoT applications involving big data.

Fog Computing

• An extension of cloud computing, placing storage and processing at the edge of the cloud network.
• Positions data sources, such as application users and sensors, closer to processing units.
• Improves efficiency by reducing data transfer distances and latency.
• Includes the idea of "Edge Computing" which is similar to fog computing.

Near Field Communication (NFC)

• A technology enabling secure transactions, data exchange, and device connections in close proximity (within a few centimeters).
• Facilitates contactless card transactions and data transfer between devices.
• Essential for secure transactions, digital content exchange, and connecting IoT devices.
• Allows simple data transfer between NFC-enabled devices with a touch.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

• A network of interconnected wireless sensors.
• Collects and communicates data about the surrounding environment.
• Used for various applications like environmental monitoring, industrial control, and multimedia applications.
• Includes different topologies e.g. Bus, Star, Tree, Mesh.

IoT Network Protocols

• Protocols governing data transmission between devices and the Internet.
• Protocols e.g. Wi-Fi, LTE, Bluetooth, ZigBee, LoRaWAN, HTTP, MQTT, AMQP, COAP, DDS, LwM2M.
• Protocols differ in power usage, bandwidth, range, and security.

Layers of the IoT protocol stack

• Represents the hierarchy of software and hardware used in IoT applications.
• A seven-layered architecture (similar to OSI Model) used to structure protocols.
• Ensures smooth data flow from edge to data receiving systems.
• Used in various IoT structures to facilitate interoperability among network devices.

This quiz explores the various aspects of IoT architecture, including its three-layer framework: Perception, Network, and Application. Additionally, it delves into the roles of each layer in gathering and managing data for IoT applications. Test your knowledge on the components and protocols that form the foundation of IoT systems.