Unit 4 -IoT Architecture and Device Management Quiz
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Which layer in the IoT reference architecture is responsible for managing device connectivity?

  • Communications layer (correct)
  • Aggregation/bus layer
  • Event processing and analytics layer
  • Client/external communications layer

    • Which of the following is NOT typically a method for identifying IoT devices?

  • An IP address assigned by the network (correct)
  • An OAuth2 Refresh/Bearer Token
  • A Bluetooth identifier
  • A unique identifier (UUID) burnt into the device

    • What is the recommended minimum identification requirement for devices in the reference architecture?

  • A UUID and an OAuth2 Refresh/Bearer token (correct)
  • A MAC address and an identifier in EEPROM
  • A Bluetooth identifier and an IP address
  • A Wi-Fi MAC address

    • What is the main challenge when using HTTP for communication with small, resource-constrained IoT devices?

    <p>HTTP is a text-based protocol that may require more resources than small devices can provide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is MOST responsible for gathering data and storing it?

    <p>Event processing and analytics layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a listed protocol for communication between devices and the cloud?

    <p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is closely related to the concept of an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)?

    <p>Aggregation/bus layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Device Manager layer?

    <p>To provide a cross-cutting mechanism for device management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural view primarily focuses on the system's functions and capabilities?

    <p>Functional View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view is most concerned with the system's data and information management?

    <p>Information View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural view guides the implementation of the system, addressing the concerns of developers and testers?

    <p>Development View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view outlines the strategy for ensuring the system remains reliable and effective in its operational context?

    <p>Operational View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view is concerned with how the system transitions to live operation after being built?

    <p>Deployment View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view would be best to consult for information about the hardware and hosting environment of the system?

    <p>Deployment View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A system that relies heavily on third-party libraries would be of particular concern to which view?

    <p>Deployment View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view focuses on maintaining the system's reliability and effectiveness in its environment long-term?

    <p>Operational View</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the aggregation/bus layer in an IoT architecture?

    <p>To manage communication between devices, bridge protocols, and enforce security policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is specifically designed for a client-server model and uses UDP?

    <p>CoAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol uses a publish-subscribe messaging system based on a broker model?

    <p>MQTT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key function of the aggregation/bus layer?

    <p>Directly storing data into a database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core characteristic of CoAP compared to HTTP?

    <p>It has a binary approach designed for smaller devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Event Processing and Analytics Layer?

    <p>To store, process, and act upon events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What security roles need to be performed by the Aggregation/Bus Layer?

    <p>Acting as an OAuth2 Resource Server and Policy Enforcement Point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is used for the CoAP protocol?

    <p>Client-server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the Network Functional Component (FC) within the Communication Functional Group (FG)?

    <p>Translating network identifiers and routing messages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of translation is NOT typically handled by the Network FC?

    <p>Translating between application layer messages and transport protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the End-to-End Communication FC?

    <p>Transporting application layer messages across diverse networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the IoT Service Resolution Functional Component (FC)?

    <p>Maintaining a directory for dynamic management of IoT services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Virtual Entity Functional Group (FG)?

    <p>To support interactions between Users and physical things through virtual entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two Functional Components (FCs) that make up the Process Management FG?

    <p>Process Modelling and Process Execution FCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Functional Component (FC) is responsible for managing complex services made up of simpler dependent services?

    <p>Service Composition FC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Process Execution Functional Component (FC)?

    <p>To execute process models and use the Service Organization FG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional component is responsible for converting requests into specific IoT services?

    <p>Service Orchestration FC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Service Choreography FC?

    <p>To facilitate communication using the Publish/Subscribe pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which security functional component verifies a user's identity and creates an assertion?

    <p>Authentication FC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the Authorization FC?

    <p>Manages and enforces access control policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional component is responsible for maintaining the configuration of Functional Components and devices?

    <p>Configuration FC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes the role of the Fault FC in an IoT system?

    <p>Detecting, logging, isolating, and correcting system-wide faults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The State FC collects information for which of the following purposes?

    <p>Fault diagnosis, performance analysis, prediction, and billing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Trust & Reputation FC primarily manage?

    <p>Reputation scores and service trust levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the payment station in the parking system?

    <p>To provide a user interface for payment and act as a communication gateway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the sensor nodes connected to the payment station?

    <p>Through either wired or wireless communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system component hosts the parking lot management system software?

    <p>A virtual machine in a data center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the occupancy sign within the parking system?

    <p>It serves as a communication gateway for the actuator node displaying free parking spots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many metal/car presence sensors are connected to each sensor node?

    <p>Eight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of technology connects the physical gateway devices to the internet?

    <p>Wide Area Network (WAN).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the sensor nodes?

    <p>To host services representing the respective resources and the parking sensors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main applications connected to the parking lot management system?

    <p>Mobile phone applications for human users and parking operation center applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IoT Reference Architecture

    • Consists of components and layers
    • Realized through specific technologies
    • Includes cross-cutting layers like access/identity management
    • Layers include client/external communication (web/portal, dashboard, APIs), event processing and analytics (including data storage)

    Device Layer

    • Bottom layer of the architecture
    • Devices must have some communication that connects to the internet
    • Needs an identity, which can include:
      • UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) burnt into the device
      • UUID from the radio subsystem (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi MAC address)
      • OAuth2 Refresh/Bearer Token (often in addition to other identifiers)
      • Identifier stored in nonvolatile memory (e.g., EEPROM)

    Communications Layer

    • Supports connectivity of devices to the cloud
    • Multiple potential protocols:
      • HTTP/HTTPS (and RESTful approaches on those)
      • MQTT 3.1/3.1.1
      • Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)

    Aggregation/Bus Layer

    • Aggregates and brokers communications
    • Supports HTTP server and/or MQTT broker communication with devices
    • Aggregates and combines communications from various devices
    • Routes and routes communications from different devices to a specific device (possibly via a gateway)
    • Bridges and transforms between protocols (e.g., providing HTTP APIs mediated to MQTT)
    • Offers simple correlation and mapping of device IDs

    Event Processing and Analytics Layer

    • Processes events from the aggregation/bus layer
    • Stores data in a database
    • Option 1: Using a big data platform (e.g., Apache Hadoop) for highly scalable map-reduce analytics
    • Option 2: Event Processing for near real-time activities based on device and system data
    • Uses highly scalable, column-based data storage, map reduce for batch processing, and complex event processing for near real-time events.
    • Supports traditional application processing platforms (e.g., Java Beans, JAX-RS)

    Client/External Communications Layer

    • Provides communication outside the device-oriented system
    • Includes creating web-based front-ends and portals to interact with devices
    • Uses machine-to-machine communications (APIs), managed through API management systems
    • Dashboard creation for visualization of device and event processing data
    • API management portal for developers to find, explore, and subscribe to APIs; gateway for access control (throttling and routing)

    Device Management

    • Handled by two components:
      • A server-side device manager for communicating with devices (via protocols) and providing control (individual and bulk)
      • Device management agents for different platforms/device types.
    • Handles software management, enabling/disabling device features, security control, monitoring, and device location tracking

    Identity and Access Management

    • Final layer
    • Provides OAuth2 token issuance/validation, other identity services (like SAML2 SSO & OpenID Connect), XACML PDP, and user directories (e.g., LDAP)
    • Manages access controls (e.g., owner control vs. administrator control) over devices

    Functional View

    • Describes the system's actions and main functions
    • Includes descriptions of data and information handled by the system (Information View)

    Development View

    • Describes how a system is implemented
    • Addresses the concerns of developers and testers
    • Provides a stable environment for more detailed design work

    Deployment View

    • Defines how the system transitions to a live operation
    • Focuses on aspects of the system important after it's built
    • Includes physical environment, hardware, hosting environment, network interconnections, disk storage, processing nodes, etc.

    Operational View

    • Details how a system is kept running in the field
    • A system-wide strategy addresses concerns for a reliable part of the environment
    • Includes elements to illustrate various issues following installation

    Installation and Upgrade

    • Operation team installs
    • Includes checks of resource allocation, upgrade type, running elements status, and successful install/update guarantees

    Operational Monitoring & Control

    • Routine monitoring required for the system
    • Includes checks for startup, shutdown, transaction resubmission, and other potential operational conditions.

    Alerting

    • System sending alerts when something goes wrong
    • Includes technical alerts (connection failure) and function/non-error events (startup/shutdown)

    Backup and Restore

    • Data protection and insurance mechanisms in place
    • Backup processes are regularly designed, built, and tested for transactionally consistent restoration
    • Includes handling data loss during restoration/recovery situations

    Documenting System Administration

    • Details monitoring/control facilities
    • Includes monitoring/control tasks, usage, limitations, routine procedures, error conditions, and how to fix them.

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    Related Documents

    Unit 4 Notes (Some Topics) for Students PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Internet of Things (IoT) reference architecture. This quiz covers key layers, device connectivity, identification methods, and communication protocols in IoT systems. Challenge yourself and deepen your understanding of how IoT devices are structured and managed.

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