Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which compound is likely to conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

  • Cornstarch
  • Baking soda
  • Salt (correct)
  • Sugar

What characteristic property can help distinguish between salt and sugar when dissolved in water?

  • Odor
  • Conductivity (correct)
  • Melting point
  • Color change

Which of the following methods would NOT help Mara determine whether she has salt or sugar?

  • Testing conductivity in water
  • Mixing with vinegar (correct)
  • Dissolving in water
  • Checking melting points

Which statement accurately reflects the general behavior of covalent compounds compared to ionic compounds in solutions?

<p>Covalent compounds generally do not conduct electricity well. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would Mara need to consider exceptions to the general rules about ionic and covalent compounds?

<p>When testing an unusual compound that might behave differently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a metal forms an ionic bond with a nonmetal?

<p>The metal transfers its electrons to the nonmetal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic compounds?

<p>They form crystalline solids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about covalent compounds is true?

<p>They are often more flammable than ionic compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can ionic compounds be typically identified based on their chemical formula?

<p>They involve a metal and a nonmetal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property distinguishes ionic compounds from covalent compounds regarding solubility?

<p>Ionic compounds tend to be soluble in water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical property of ionic compounds?

<p>They are hard but brittle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent compounds?

<p>They can be solids, liquids, or gases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons?

<p>Covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Conductivity

The ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat when dissolved in water.

Ionic Compounds

Compounds that form when atoms transfer electrons, usually soluble in water and good conductors of electricity.

Covalent Compounds

Compounds formed when atoms share electrons; generally poor conductors of electricity when dissolved in water.

Melting Point Test

A method to determine the identity of a compound by measuring the temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid.

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Exception to Rules

The acknowledgment that while general properties apply, there can be cases that don't fit these properties.

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Cation

A positively charged ion formed when a metal loses electrons.

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Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when a nonmetal gains electrons.

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Properties of Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds are usually crystalline solids with high melting/boiling points and high polarity.

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Properties of Covalent Compounds

Covalent compounds can be solids, liquids, or gases, have lower melting/boiling points, and are softer.

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Solubility

Ionic compounds are often soluble in water, whereas covalent compounds usually are not.

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Flammability

Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds.

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Study Notes

Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds

  • Ionic Compounds: Formed when a metal gives electrons to a nonmetal, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. Strong electrostatic attraction (ionic bonds). Examples include table salt (NaCl).
  • Covalent Compounds: Formed when nonmetals share electrons. Examples include Carbon Dioxide (CO2).

Identifying Ionic and Covalent Compounds

  • Ionic compounds typically involve a metal and a nonmetal.
  • Covalent compounds typically involve only nonmetals.

Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

  • State of Matter:
  • Ionic compounds: Usually crystalline solids at room temperature.
  • Covalent compounds: Can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
  • Melting/Boiling Points:
  • Ionic compounds: High melting and boiling points due to strong ionic bonds.
  • Covalent compounds: Lower melting and boiling points due to weaker bonds.
  • Hardness/Brittleness:
  • Ionic compounds: Hard but brittle.
  • Covalent compounds: Softer and more flexible.
  • Polarity:
  • Ionic compounds: High polarity.
  • Covalent compounds: Low polarity.
  • Solubility:
  • Ionic compounds: Often soluble in water.
  • Covalent compounds: Often not soluble in water.
  • Flammability:
  • Covalent compounds: Tend to be more flammable.
  • Conductivity:
  • Ionic compounds: Conduct electricity and heat well when dissolved in water.
  • Covalent compounds: Poor conductors.

Distinguishing between types

  • Use contrasting properties (solubility, melting/boiling points, conductivity) to differentiate between ionic and covalent compounds.

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