9th Grade Science: Chemical Bonding Quiz

NaCl is an ionic compound. Ionic compounds are formed when a metal atom loses an electron (forms a positive ion) and a nonmetal atom gains an electron (forms a negative ion). The resulting ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, forming a strong ionic bond.

C10H8 (naphthalene) is a covalent compound. Covalent compounds are formed when two or more nonmetal atoms share electrons, creating a covalent bond.

A voltaic cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It consists of two electrodes (anode and cathode) immersed in an electrolyte solution. A spontaneous chemical reaction occurs within the cell, generating an electric current.

The anode is the electrode where oxidation occurs. Oxidation is the loss of electrons. In a voltaic cell, the anode is the negative electrode.

The cathode is the electrode where reduction occurs. Reduction is the gain of electrons. In a voltaic cell, the cathode is the positive electrode.

Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in water. They form ions (charged particles) in solution, allowing the flow of electric current.

Glucose is a simple sugar (carbohydrate) that provides energy to the body. It is not an electrolyte because it does not dissociate into ions in solution.

Electrolytes are essential for various bodily functions, including nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and fluid balance. They are lost through sweat, so replenishing them is crucial.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed from a metal (sodium, Na) and a non-metal (chlorine, Cl). Water (H2O) is formed from two non-metals (hydrogen, H and oxygen, O).

Sodium chloride (NaCl) forms by transferring electrons from sodium to chlorine, forming ions that attract each other. Water (H2O) forms by sharing electrons between hydrogen and oxygen, forming a covalent bond.

The transfer or sharing of valence electrons is driven by the desire of atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration (usually having a full outer shell).

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound, formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Water (H2O) is a covalent compound, formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

A compound formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. These ions are formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.

A compound formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more non-metals.

A salt bridge is a component in a voltaic cell that connects the two half-cells, allowing the flow of ions to maintain electrical neutrality. It prevents the buildup of charge in each half-cell, ensuring the continuous flow of electrons.

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.

Observable characteristics of a compound, such as its state of matter, melting point, solubility, and conductivity.

Often crystalline solids, have high melting/boiling points, dissolve readily in water, and conduct electricity when dissolved.

Can be solids, liquids, or gases, have lower melting/boiling points, less soluble in water, and do not conduct electricity well.

The uneven distribution of electrical charge over the atoms within a compound, due to the sharing of electrons.

The ability of a compound to burn in the presence of oxygen.

The electronegativity difference between elements in a compound determines its type. A large difference (greater than 1.9) indicates an ionic compound, while a smaller difference (less than 1.9 but greater than 0.5) indicates a polar covalent compound. Nonmetals with similar electronegativity form nonpolar covalent bonds.

Ionic compounds are typically hard, brittle substances with high melting points. They dissolve readily in water and conduct electricity when dissolved.

Covalent compounds are generally softer and more flexible than ionic compounds. Their melting points tend to be lower, and they are often poor conductors of electricity.

Ionic compounds dissolve well in water because the polar water molecules attract and surround the ions. Covalent compounds, especially nonpolar ones, are less soluble in water.

Many everyday substances are ionic or covalent compounds. For example, water is a polar covalent compound essential for life, while table salt (NaCl) is an ionic compound used for flavoring and preserving food.

Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity in solution. They are composed of ions that can move freely when dissolved.

Electrolytes play crucial roles in the body, helping with nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and maintaining fluid balance.

A covalent compound is formed when two or more nonmetals share electrons.

Covalent compounds are generally soft, flexible, and do not conduct electricity in solid or liquid forms. They can exist as solids, liquids, or gases.

Covalent compounds dissolve into molecules, which don't have charged particles (ions) to carry electricity.

An ionic compound is formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. These ions are formed when a metal atom loses an electron (positive ion) and a nonmetal atom gains an electron (negative ion).

Ionic compounds are typically hard and brittle, with high melting and boiling points. They conduct electricity when dissolved in water, forming free-moving ions.

Covalent compounds form by sharing electrons between nonmetals, while ionic compounds form by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent compounds often exist as molecules, while ionic compounds form a crystal lattice.

Examples of covalent compounds include water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4).

Examples of ionic compounds include table salt (NaCl), sodium chloride (KCl), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2).

Individual atoms in a compound are inherently unstable. They gain stability by transferring or sharing their valence electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons.

Ionic compounds have a strong force of attraction between their oppositely charged ions. This requires a large amount of heat energy to separate them, resulting in a high melting point.

Covalent compounds are often nonpolar, while water is polar. Like dissolves like, so nonpolar compounds don't mix well with polar water molecules.

Ionic compounds are formed from the transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal.

Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more non-metals.

Ionic compounds can conduct electricity because they form ions when dissolved in water or melted. These ions can move freely, carrying an electric charge.