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Questions and Answers
What is the main type of bonding in table salt (sodium chloride)?
What is the main type of bonding in table salt (sodium chloride)?
In which of these states do covalent compounds commonly exist?
In which of these states do covalent compounds commonly exist?
What can be determined by the group number of an element in the periodic table?
What can be determined by the group number of an element in the periodic table?
Which type of bonding occurs between a metal and non-metal with a complete transfer and gaining of electrons?
Which type of bonding occurs between a metal and non-metal with a complete transfer and gaining of electrons?
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What do metalloids represent on the periodic table?
What do metalloids represent on the periodic table?
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What is the term for covalent bonding in which electrons are shared equally?
What is the term for covalent bonding in which electrons are shared equally?
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What is the term for the outermost electrons in an atom, which can be determined by the group number in the periodic table?
What is the term for the outermost electrons in an atom, which can be determined by the group number in the periodic table?
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Which type of bonding commonly occurs between non-metals and results in stable compounds?
Which type of bonding commonly occurs between non-metals and results in stable compounds?
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What state do ionic compounds mainly exist in?
What state do ionic compounds mainly exist in?
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Which type of bonding occurs when there is a complete transfer and gaining of electrons between a metal and non-metal?
Which type of bonding occurs when there is a complete transfer and gaining of electrons between a metal and non-metal?
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What term is used for covalent bonding in which electrons are shared unequally?
What term is used for covalent bonding in which electrons are shared unequally?
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What do metalloids represent on the periodic table?
What do metalloids represent on the periodic table?
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What is the term for the electrons found in an atom's outermost shell, which can be determined by the group number in the periodic table?
What is the term for the electrons found in an atom's outermost shell, which can be determined by the group number in the periodic table?
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Which type of bonding occurs between non-metals and results in stable compounds?
Which type of bonding occurs between non-metals and results in stable compounds?
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What do metalloids represent on the periodic table?
What do metalloids represent on the periodic table?
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In which of these states do covalent compounds commonly exist?
In which of these states do covalent compounds commonly exist?
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Which type of bonding occurs when there is a complete transfer and gaining of electrons between a metal and non-metal?
Which type of bonding occurs when there is a complete transfer and gaining of electrons between a metal and non-metal?
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What is the term for covalent bonding in which electrons are shared equally?
What is the term for covalent bonding in which electrons are shared equally?
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Study Notes
- The text discusses the topic of chemical bonding and its different types: ionic and covalent.
- Metals, non-metals, and metalloids are identified using the periodic table of elements. Metals are red, non-metals are blue, and metalloids are yellow.
- Table salt (sodium chloride) is an example of an ionic compound, formed when a metal atom (sodium) transfers its valence electron to a non-metal atom (chlorine).
- Valence electrons are found in an atom's outermost shell and can be determined by the group number in the periodic table.
- Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and non-metal when there is a complete transfer and gaining of electrons.
- Covalent bonding, also known as molecular bonding, occurs when atoms share electron pairs.
- Covalent bonding commonly occurs between non-metals and results in stable compounds.
- Covalent bonding can be non-polar (electrons shared equally) or polar (electrons shared unequally).
- Properties of ionic compounds include solid state existence, low conductivity, hardness, high melting and boiling points, and insolubility in organic solvents.
- Properties of covalent compounds include existence as solid, liquid, and gas states, low conductivity, flexibility, lower melting and boiling points, and solubility in organic solvents.
- Ionic compounds exist only in the solid state, while covalent compounds exist as solid, liquid, and gas.
- Ionic compounds have low conductivity, while covalent compounds have very low conductivity.
- Ionic compounds are very hard or brittle and have higher melting and boiling points than covalent compounds.
- Both ionic and covalent compounds are not malleable and not ductile.
- Ionic compounds are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents, while covalent compounds are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
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Description
Explore the concepts of chemical bonding, including ionic and covalent bonds, as well as the properties and examples of each type of compound. Learn about the characteristics of metals, non-metals, and metalloids, and understand the differences in conductivity, solubility, and state of existence between ionic and covalent compounds.
