Questions and Answers
What type of ionic compound is formed between a metal and a polyatomic ion?
Polyatomic ionic compound
What is the term for ionic compounds that contain water molecules?
Hydrates
What is the process by which a metal loses one or more electrons to become a cation?
Ionization
What is the primary force that holds ions together in an ionic compound?
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What is a characteristic of ionic compounds in their solid state?
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What is the term for ionic compounds formed between two elements, one metal and one nonmetal?
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Study Notes
Ionic Compounds
Definition
- Ionic compounds are formed when two or more ions with opposite charges combine to form a neutral molecule
- Also known as electrovalent compounds
Formation
- Formed when a metal loses one or more electrons to become a cation (positively charged ion)
- Formed when a nonmetal gains one or more electrons to become an anion (negatively charged ion)
- The electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions holds them together and forms an ionic bond
Characteristics
- Typically have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic attraction between ions
- Often have high solubility in water and other polar solvents
- Usually have low volatility and are non-conductive in their solid state
- Can conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted
Types of Ionic Compounds
- Binary ionic compounds: formed between two elements, one metal and one nonmetal (e.g. NaCl, CaO)
- Polyatomic ionic compounds: formed between a metal and a polyatomic ion (e.g. NH4Cl, CaCO3)
- Hydrates: ionic compounds that contain water molecules (e.g. CuSO4·5H2O)
Examples
- Sodium chloride (NaCl): formed from the reaction of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): formed from the reaction of calcium (Ca) and carbonate (CO3)
- Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3): formed from the reaction of aluminum (Al) and sulfate (SO4)
Ionic Compounds
Definition
- Formed by the combination of two or more ions with opposite charges, resulting in a neutral molecule
- Also referred to as electrovalent compounds
Formation of Ionic Bonds
- Cations (positively charged ions) are formed when metals lose one or more electrons
- Anions (negatively charged ions) are formed when nonmetals gain one or more electrons
- Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions holds them together, forming an ionic bond
Properties of Ionic Compounds
- High melting and boiling points due to strong electrostatic attraction between ions
- High solubility in water and other polar solvents
- Low volatility and non-conductive in solid state
- Conductive when dissolved in water or melted
Types of Ionic Compounds
- Binary ionic compounds: formed between two elements, one metal and one nonmetal
- Polyatomic ionic compounds: formed between a metal and a polyatomic ion
- Hydrates: ionic compounds containing water molecules
Examples of Ionic Compounds
- Sodium chloride (NaCl): forms from the reaction of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): forms from the reaction of calcium (Ca) and carbonate (CO3)
- Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3): forms from the reaction of aluminum (Al) and sulfate (SO4)
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Description
Learn about the formation and definition of ionic compounds, also known as electrovalent compounds, including the role of cations and anions.
