Ionic Compounds and Lewis Diagrams

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct naming convention for a compound formed between tin (IV) and chlorine?

Tin (IV) chloride (correct)

Tin(IV) chloride -ide

Tin chloride(IV)

Chlorine (IV) tin

Which of the following statements is true regarding covalent compounds?

They have strong forces of attraction between molecules.

They can conduct electricity due to free ions.

They are formed between two nonmetals. (correct)

They are formed by the transfer of electrons.

What is the proper way to write the formula for ammonium sulfate?

NH4(2SO4)

NH4(SO4)2

(NH4)2(SO4)3

NH4SO4 (correct)

Which prefix is used in the covalent compound name for a molecule containing two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom?

Dinitrogen trioxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should you treat subscripts when writing the formula for covalent compounds that use prefixes?

Use the prefixes directly to determine the number of atoms without crisscrossing. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed in Nitrogen Trihydride, NH3?

Covalent bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes diatomic molecules?

They consist of atoms that naturally pair together. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In ionic compounds, how do the ions stay together?

Due to positive/negative ion attraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference between covalent and ionic compounds regarding electron behavior?

Covalent compounds share electrons while ionic compounds transfer them. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a compound with a covalent bond dissolves in water?

The molecules remain intact. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form one product?

Synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of conservation of mass state regarding chemical reactions?

The total mass of reactants equals the mass of products. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is released as part of the decomposition of a metal hydroxide?

Hydrogen and a metal oxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What maintains the structure of ionic compounds?

Electric attraction between cations and anions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for ionic compounds in solid form?

They are typically insulators. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for an ionic compound to dissolve in water?

Water molecules must dissociate the ions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of multivalent ionic compounds?

They have metal ions that can exhibit multiple charges. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do you determine the formula for a binary ionic compound using the criss-cross rule?

Write the ion charges above their symbols and swap them. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of failing to apply the zero sum rule in an ionic compound?

The compound will have a non-neutral overall charge. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical property of ionic compounds?

They dissolve easily in polar solvents. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the Lewis diagram for an anion?

Electrons gained are represented with 'x' marks. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a single replacement reaction?

One element replaces another in a compound. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a double displacement reaction, what is exchanged between the ionic compounds?

Parts of the compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is produced in a complete combustion reaction?

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the characteristic products of incomplete combustion?

Produces carbon monoxide and carbon in addition to carbon dioxide. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What defines an acid according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory?

Donates a proton (H+) (C) Signup and view all the answers

When water reacts as an acid in a chemical reaction, it is described as being:

Amphoteric (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of products do weak acids produce when dissolved in water?

Mostly in molecular form (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic property of bases?

Feels slippery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of sulfuric acid?

In fertilizers and industrial applications (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is neutralization defined in acid-base reactions?

Acid and base react to create water and a salt. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which pH value represents a neutral solution?

7 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What color change does phenolphthalein undergo in a solution with pH between 8.2 and 10?

Turns from colorless to pink (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes binary acids from other types of acids?

They consist of hydrogen and a nonmetal. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of electrolytes?

They conduct electricity when dissolved in water. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ionic Compounds

Composed of a cation (+) and an anion (-)
Held together by electrostatic attraction (positive and negative charges)
Arranged in an alternating pattern to form an ionic crystal.
Soluble in water (polar solvent); ions dissociate.
Insulators in solid form, conductors when dissolved in water; conductivity is how easily an electric current can flow through a substance.
Water molecules pull ionic compounds apart (dissociation), forming positive and negative ions.
Strong electrical attraction makes these compounds difficult to melt, leading to high boiling and melting points.

Lewis Diagrams

Draw valence electrons around the element's symbol.
For cations (lose electrons to become stable), do not draw the lost electrons.
For anions (gain electrons to become stable), draw the original electrons as dots and the new electrons as "x".
Add brackets to indicate the ion; write the charge in the top right corner (e.g. 2+).
Always write the metal before the nonmetal.

Types of Ionic Compounds

Binary Ionic Compounds: single-charged metal + nonmetal.
- Naming: name of metal + name of nonmetal with –ide ending (e.g. magnesium fluoride)
- Criss-cross rule: a shortcut to determine the chemical formula of ionic compounds; write ion charges above the symbols, then criss-cross the charge numbers so they become subscripts. Final answer: reduce to simplest form, with metal first.
Multivalent Compounds: ionic compounds that involve transitional metals capable of forming more than one stable ionic form depending on circumstances
- Refer to a table to specify which ion to use.
- Important to note the ion when naming these compounds.
Ionic compounds with Polyatomic ions: ions made up of more than one atom that act as a single particle (refer to the chart for a list).
- Naming: do not change into "ide" ending; refer to the chart.

Covalent Compounds

Formed between two nonmetals.
Atoms share electrons instead of transferring them.
No ions are formed. Covalently bonded molecules are held together by covalent bonds.
Covalent bonds are strong.
A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; molecules have weak forces of attraction; thus, molecules have low melting points; also cannot conduct electricity because they lack ions.

Naming Covalent Compounds

Element 1 + element 2 –ide ending + prefix(es) to indicate the amount of atoms in the compound (mono, di, tri, etc.).
Prefix is not used for the first element if it is only one atom.
Drop the final "o" or "a" of the prefix if the second element starts with a vowel.

Chemical Formulas

Use prefixes to determine the number of atoms.
Do not do criss-cross or reduce. Crisscross is for predicting the number of atoms needed in a chemical compound (the subscripts). Examples include NH3 (Nitrogen trihydride), and so on.

Chemical Diagrams

Lewis diagram: shows how valence electrons are shared; structural diagrams help visualize the shared electrons; a line represents two shared electrons.
Diatomic molecules: seven elements' atoms are frequently found naturally in pairs.

Chemical Reactions

Conservation of mass: the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.
Types of reactions: Synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, double replacement.
Single replacement: one element replaces another element within a compound, provided the replacer element is more reactive than the element within the compound. One element in a compound is replaced by another element, leading to a new chemical product. Reactivity charts are very useful in these types of reactions.
Double replacement: two ionic compounds exchange their ions, thus forming two new compounds.
Combustion: reaction with oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water. Incomplete combustion is indicated by a yellow flame due to limited oxygen. Complete combustion results in a blue flame due to more available oxygen. Chemical equations should be balanced to reflect conservation of mass.

Acid-Base Reactions

Neutralization: when an acid and base react to form water and a salt (ionic compound).
pH scale: measures acidity/basicity (0-14; 7 is neutral; below 7 is acidic; above 7 is basic).

Acid Nomenclature

Formulas for acids start with Hydrogen.
Binary acids: Hydrogen + nonmetal element + “ic” acid suffix (H₂O).
Oxyacids: contain Oxygen in their structure + polyatomic ion prefix-ic ending + acid suffix.

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Description

Test your knowledge on ionic compounds and Lewis diagrams. This quiz covers the properties of ionic compounds, their structure, and the process of drawing Lewis diagrams for ions. Understanding these concepts is essential in chemistry for predicting compound behavior and bonding.