Chemistry Basics: Atoms & Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What information can be directly derived from the periodic table concerning an element's atomic structure?

  • Type of bond and molecular weight
  • Number of protons and electron shells only
  • Number of protons, neutrons, electron shells, valence electrons, and ion charge (correct)
  • Number of neutrons and ions only

Which of the following correctly describes how cations and anions are formed?

  • Cations are formed by losing electrons, while anions are formed by gaining electrons. (correct)
  • Both cations and anions are formed through the sharing of electrons.
  • Cations and anions are formed only in ionic compounds.
  • Cations are formed by gaining electrons, while anions are formed by losing electrons.

What is the primary distinction between ionic compounds and molecular compounds?

  • Ionic compounds consist solely of metals, while molecular compounds consist solely of non-metals.
  • Ionic compounds form through the transfer of electrons, whereas molecular compounds form through the sharing of electrons. (correct)
  • Ionic compounds do not have a charge, while molecular compounds have a charge.
  • Ionic compounds typically have low melting points, while molecular compounds have high melting points.

In the nomenclature of ionic compounds containing multivalent metals, what is the correct way to indicate the charge of the metal?

<p>By using Roman numerals in parentheses following the metal name (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly categorizes types of chemical reactions?

<p>Double displacement reactions exchange ions between two compounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do catalysts influence the rate of chemical reactions?

<p>They provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is described by the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base?

<p>A salt and water are formed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the pH scale is accurate?

<p>A pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes diatomic molecules?

<p>They consist of two atoms of the same or different elements covalently bonded. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symbol is used to represent the hazards associated with materials under WHMIS?

<p>Specific pictograms that indicate the type of hazard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the number of valence electrons in an element as observed in the periodic table?

<p>The group number of the element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement most accurately describes a property of ionic compounds compared to molecular compounds?

<p>Ionic compounds typically form crystalline lattices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a balanced chemical equation, what does it indicate when the coefficients are altered?

<p>The amount of each substance involved in the reaction is changed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a characteristic of exothermic reactions?

<p>They release energy in the form of heat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT significantly affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>Color of the reactants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

<p>To lower the activation energy of the reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term correctly describes a reaction where two elements combine to form one compound?

<p>Synthesis reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nomenclature, which prefix is used to indicate a compound containing five atoms of a particular element?

<p>Penta- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cations from anions?

<p>Cations have a positive charge, while anions have a negative charge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not represent a type of chemical reaction?

<p>Electrolysis reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element category is characterized by a lack of metallic properties and greater electronegativity?

<p>Non-metals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance?

<p>Synthesis reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an ionic compound forms, which of the following correctly describes the resulting charge on the cation?

<p>It loses electrons to become positive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic common to both acids and bases in terms of their reaction with water?

<p>They change the color of litmus indicator. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using Roman numerals in the nomenclature of ionic compounds?

<p>To specify the charge of the metal cation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when a compound breaks down into simpler substances?

<p>Decomposition reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do polyatomic ions differ from monatomic ions in terms of composition?

<p>Polyatomic ions consist of two or more atoms; monatomic ions consist of a single atom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>Color of the reactants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Lewis structures, which element is likely to have more than four pairs of electrons shown?

<p>Sulfur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of catalysts in chemical reactions?

<p>To lower the activation energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of neutron count in the periodic table?

<p>It affects the element's mass but does not influence chemical behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about ionic compounds compared to molecular compounds?

<p>Ionic compounds always form solids at room temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When naming acids, which of the following statements is correct regarding anions?

<p>Anions ending in 'ate' become 'ous' when forming acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs correctly describes the characteristics of cations and anions?

<p>Anions are formed by the gain of electrons and are negatively charged. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of reaction types, which of the following statements inaccurately describes a displacement reaction?

<p>Only non-metal elements can participate in displacement reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an incorrect interpretation of the balance in a chemical equation?

<p>Balancing changes the identity of the substances in the reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about reaction factors is misleading?

<p>Higher temperatures typically decrease reaction rates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description of molecular compounds is commonly misunderstood?

<p>Molecular compounds derive solely from ionic interactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding Lewis structures, which of the following statements is misleading?

<p>All atoms in a Lewis structure must satisfy the octet rule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which misconception arises from the terminology used in chemical equations?

<p>Nomenclature rules apply only to organic compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Periodic Table: Number of Protons

The atomic number of an element, located above the element's symbol on the periodic table, indicates the number of protons in its atom.

Periodic Table: Number of Neutrons

The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.

Periodic Table: Electron Shells

The period number (row) of an element on the periodic table indicates the number of electron shells in its atom. Each shell holds a specific number of electrons.

Periodic Table: Valence Electrons

The group number (column) of an element tells us how many valence electrons are in the outermost shell. These electrons are involved in chemical bonding.

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How Cations Form

Cations are positively charged ions formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

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How Anions Form

Anions are negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

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Lewis Dot Structure

A diagram that shows the valence electrons as dots around the element's symbol. It helps visualize bonding patterns.

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Bohr Model

A model of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.

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Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds

Ionic Compounds: Formed by the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Molecular Compounds: Formed by covalent bonds, sharing electrons between two non-metals.

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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

The name of the metal comes first, followed by the non-metal with the suffix '-ide'.

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Valence Electrons

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in chemical bonding.

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What is a cation?

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

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What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

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What are polyatomic ions?

A group of atoms that act as a single unit with a charge. They often have a name ending in 'ite' or 'ate'.

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Naming Molecular Compounds

The name of the element further left on the periodic table comes first, followed by the other element, both ending with the Greek prefix corresponding to the number of each atom present.

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What is a chemical equation?

A representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas to show the reactants and products.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

Ensuring that the number of atoms of each element on the reactants' side is equal to the number of atoms on the products' side.

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What does the periodic table tell us?

The periodic table provides information about elements, including the number of protons, neutrons, electron shells, valence electrons, and ionic charge. It also helps classify elements as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

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How do cations form?

Cations are positively charged ions formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

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How do anions form?

Anions are negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

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What is a Lewis Dot structure?

A Lewis Dot structure is a diagram that shows the valence electrons as dots around the element's symbol. It helps visualize bonding patterns.

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What is a Bohr model?

A Bohr model is a diagram of an atom showing electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.

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What are balanced chemical equations?

Balancing chemical equations ensures that the number of atoms of each element on the reactants' side is equal to the number of atoms on the products' side.

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What are the types of chemical reactions?

Different chemical reactions include synthesis, decomposition, endothermic, exothermic, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion reactions. Each type has a specific pattern and involves changes in energy and substance.

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Study Notes

Periodic Table Information

  • The periodic table provides information about atoms, including proton number, neutron number, electron shells, valence electrons and ion charge.
  • It also shows metals, non-metals and metalloids, including the characteristics of each.

Formation of Ions

  • Cations and anions form through electron transfer.

Lewis and Bohr Diagrams

  • Lewis and Bohr diagrams illustrate electron arrangements in atoms and molecules.

Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds

  • Ionic compounds involve electrostatic attraction between ions, while molecular compounds involve shared electrons.

Chemical Nomenclature

  • Naming conventions for molecules, including diatomic molecules (HONC|BrIF) and ionic compounds.
  • Rules for naming including ionic compounds with metals that have multiple charges.
  • Rules for naming ionic compounds involving polyatomic ions.
  • Rules for naming covalent compounds including prefixes (mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca).

Chemical Equations

  • Writing and balancing chemical equations.
  • Writing chemical equations based on names and formulas
  • Writing balanced chemical equations involving reactants and products according to specific reaction names.
  • Includes equations with their skeletal and complete forms.
  • Includes chemical equations using symbols like SIMDUT and WHMIS.
  • Includes chemical equations using the Domestic System of units.

Types of Chemical Reactions

  • Synthesis reactions combine reactants to form a single product.
  • Decomposition reactions break down a single reactant into multiple products.
  • Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the surroundings.
  • Exothermic reactions release energy into the surroundings.
  • Single-replacement reactions replace one element with another in a compound.
  • Double-replacement reactions exchange ions between two compounds.
  • Complete combustion produces specific products, such as water and carbon dioxide with many reactions forming heat and light.
  • Incomplete combustion does not produce the expected complete set of products.

Acids and Bases

  • Definition, nomenclature, and pH scale for acids and bases.
  • Neutralization reactions involve an acid and a base reacting to form a salt and water.

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

  • Temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts affect the rate of chemical reactions.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in chemistry, including the periodic table, ion formation, and the differences between ionic and molecular compounds. It also addresses chemical nomenclature, the use of Lewis and Bohr diagrams, and the writing of balanced chemical equations. Test your understanding of these fundamental topics in the study of chemistry.

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