Questions and Answers
The force that holds two atoms together is called a(n) ________.
chemical bond
Such an attachment may form by the attraction of the positively charged _____ of one atom for the negatively charged _______ of another atom, or by the attraction of charged atoms, which are called ______.
nucleus, electrons, ions
The attractions may also involve ______ electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost ______ ______.
valence, energy level
The ______ ______ are a family of elements that have very little tendency to react.
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Most of these elements have a set of eight structures developed by loss of stable _______.
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The relatively stable electron structures developed by loss of electrons in certain elements of groups 3, 4, 13, and 14 are called _________________________________.
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A positively charged ion is called an anion.
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Elements in group 1 lose their one valence electron, forming an ion with a 1+ charge.
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Elements tend to react so that they acquire the electron structure of a halogen.
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A sodium atom tends to lose one electron when it reacts.
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The electron structure of a zinc ion (Zn2+) is an example of a pseudo-noble gas formation.
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A Cl- ion is an example of a cation.
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The ending -ide is used to designate an anion.
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Nonmetals form a stable outer electron configuration by losing electrons and becoming anions.
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What is an ionic bond?
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What does the formula unit of an ionic compound show?
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What is the overall charge of a formula unit for an ionic compound?
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How many chloride (Cl-) ions are present in a formula unit of magnesium chloride, given that the charge on a Mg ion is 2+?
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Ionic bonds generally occur between?
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Salts are examples of?
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A three-dimensional arrangement of particles in an ionic solid is called a(n)?
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In a crystal lattice of an ionic compound,?
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What types of atoms form ionic bonds?
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What is the reason ionic bonds form?
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In electron transfer involving a metallic atom and a nonmetallic atom during ion formation, which of the following is correct?
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The crystal lattice of ionic compounds affects their melting and boiling points.
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The lattice energy is the energy required to separate the ions of an ionic compound.
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The energy of an ionic compound is higher than that of the separate elements that formed it.
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An aqueous solution of sodium chloride will produce chloride ions in the same concentration as calcium chloride.
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A one-atom ion is called a(n) ______ ion.
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The charge of such an ion is equal to the atom's ______ ______, which is the number of _____ transferred to or from the atom to form the ion.
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In ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the ions equals _____.
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Ions made up of more than one atom are called ______ ions.
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If such an ion is negatively charged and includes one or more oxygen atoms, it is called an _________.
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If two such ions can be formed that contain different numbers of oxygen atoms, the name for the ion with more oxygen atoms end with the suffix _______.
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The name for the ion with fewer oxygen atoms ends with _____.
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In the chemical formula for any ionic compound, the chemical symbol for the _____ is written first, followed by the chemical symbol for the _______.
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A(n) _______ is a small number used to represent the number of ions of a given element in a chemical formula.
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Such numbers are written to the ______ _____ of the symbol for the element.
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If no number appears, the assumption is that the number equals ______.
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Study Notes
Ionic Bonds and Structures
- A chemical bond is the force holding two atoms together.
- Attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons, as well as between charged ions, creates chemical bonds.
- Valence electrons, located in the outermost energy level, play a critical role in bonding.
- Noble gases exhibit minimal reactivity due to their complete electron configurations.
Electron Configurations and Ions
- The octet rule describes the tendency of elements to achieve stability through a complete outer electron shell.
- Pseudo-noble gas formations occur in certain elements from groups 3, 4, 13, and 14, resulting in stable electron arrangements not achieving a full octet.
- Positive ions, known as cations, form by losing electrons, while anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons.
Ionic Compounds Characteristics
- An ionic bond is the attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically formed between metals and nonmetals.
- Formula units represent the simplest ratio of ions in ionic compounds, ensuring overall charge neutrality.
- The crystal lattice is a three-dimensional arrangement in ionic solids where ions are surrounded by oppositely charged ions.
Properties of Ionic Compounds
- Ionic compounds, such as salts, have high melting and boiling points, influenced by the strength of the crystal lattice.
- Lattice energy is the energy required to separate ions, indicating the stability of ionic compounds.
- A solution of sodium chloride does not produce chloride ions in equal concentration as calcium chloride, due to differing ionic ratios.
Ions and Their Nomenclature
- Monatomic ions consist of a single atom; their charge correlates to the atom's oxidation number.
- Polyatomic ions are composed of multiple atoms; when negatively charged and containing oxygen, they are termed oxyanions.
- Naming conventions for oxyanions include the suffix -ate for ions with more oxygen and -ite for those with fewer oxygen atoms.
Chemical Formulas and Subscripts
- In ionic compounds, the cation appears first in the chemical formula, followed by the anion.
- Subscripts indicate the number of ions present, written in the lower right of the element's symbol. If absent, the count is one.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of ionic bonds, electron configurations, and the behavior of ions. You'll explore how chemical bonds are formed through the attraction of charged particles and the stability provided by the octet rule. Test your understanding of how different ions, including cations and anions, are created and their properties.
