Questions and Answers
The following electron configuration belongs to an element that is not chemically reactive: What is the configuration?
In the compound sodium fluoride, NaF, what element does the sodium atom lose an electron to resemble?
Neon
In many compounds, atoms of main-group elements form ions so that they have how many electrons in their outermost energy levels?
8
How many more electrons does nitrogen need to have an electron configuration similar to neon?
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What is an anion?
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The element of the ________ group satisfies the octet rule without forming compounds.
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An ion and its parent atom have the same what?
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The melting points of ionic compounds are higher than those of molecular compounds.
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What is the metallic ion in the compound CuCl2?
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Write the formula for the compound formed by calcium ions, Ca^2+, and chloride ions Cl-.
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What is the formula for the compound formed by aluminum (III) and the sulfate ion SO4^2-?
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What is the formula for the compound formed by barium ion, Ba2+, and the hydroxide ion, OH-?
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What is the name of the compound Ni(ClO3)2?
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What is the name of the compound Zn3(PO4)2?
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What is the name of the compound Hg2(NO3)2?
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What is the name of the compound KClO3?
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What is the name of the compound Fe(NO2)2?
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What is the name of the compound CuCO3?
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The tendency of atoms of elements to gain or lose electrons so that their outer s and p orbitals are filled with eight electrons is called the ______ rule.
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An electron that occupies the outermost energy level of an atom is known as a ______ electron.
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An atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge because it has either lost or gained one or more electrons is known as a?
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An ion that has a positive charge is called a?
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An ion that has a negative charge is called a?
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The ion formed by an atom of a metal is a?
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The ion formed by an atom of a non-metal is a?
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In naming binary ionic compounds, the name of __________ appears first followed by the name of the ______.
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What is the name of the ion O2-?
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What is the name of the ion Cu+?
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The electrons involved in the formation of a covalent bond are called?
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What is the chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons called?
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In a double bond, two atoms share a total of how many electrons?
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A bond formed by atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons is called a __________ bond.
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A molecule is a neutrally charged group of atoms held together by one or more ________ bonds.
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A covalent body in which two atoms share one pair of electrons is called a ________ bond.
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In a Lewis structure of a molecule, a _______ bond is correctly represented by a long dash.
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A covalent body in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called a ________ bond.
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A covalent body in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons is called a ________ bond.
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A chemical reaction has occurred if the products have?
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Study Notes
Electron Configurations and Chemical Reactivity
- The non-reactive electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, characteristic of noble gases.
- Sodium fluoride (NaF) forms ions with electron configurations resembling neon, where sodium loses one electron and fluorine gains one.
Ion Formation and Electron Count
- Main-group elements typically form ions with eight electrons in their outer energy levels, adhering to the octet rule.
- Nitrogen requires three more electrons to achieve a neon-like electron configuration.
Types of Ions
- An anion is defined as an ion with a negative charge, while a cation is an ion with a positive charge.
- Ions retain the same atomic number as their parent atoms.
Melting Points and Ionic Compounds
- Ionic compounds exhibit higher melting points than molecular compounds due to stronger ionic interactions.
Chemical Formulas for Specific Compounds
- The metallic ion in CuCl₂ is Cu²⁺.
- Compounds are represented as follows:
- Calcium and chloride: CaCl₂
- Aluminum (III) and sulfate: Al₂(SO₄)₃
- Barium and hydroxide: Ba(OH)₂
- Nickel chlorate: Ni(ClO₃)₂
- Zinc phosphate: Zn₃(PO₄)₂
- Mercury (I) nitrate: Hg₂(NO₃)₂
- Potassium chlorate: KClO₃
- Iron (II) nitrite: Fe(NO₂)₂
- Copper (II) carbonate: CuCO₃
Naming Ions and Compounds
- The octet rule describes the tendency of atoms to achieve eight electrons in the outer shell.
- A valence electron is one occupying the outermost energy level.
- The oxide ion corresponds to O²⁻, while the copper(I) ion is represented by Cu⁺.
Covalent Bonds and Molecule Structure
- Covalent bonds involve sharing valence electrons between atoms.
- A single bond shares two electrons, represented by a long dash in Lewis structures.
- Double and triple bonds share four and six electrons, respectively.
- Molecules, neutrally charged groups of atoms, are held together by one or more covalent bonds.
Chemical Reactions
- A chemical reaction is identified when the products formed exhibit distinct properties compared to reactants.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering fundamental concepts of chemistry. These cards include topics like electron configurations and ionic bonding. Perfect for final exam preparation or a quick review!
