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Questions and Answers
The following electron configuration belongs to an element that is not chemically reactive: What is the configuration?
The following electron configuration belongs to an element that is not chemically reactive: What is the configuration?
In the compound sodium fluoride, NaF, what element does the sodium atom lose an electron to resemble?
In the compound sodium fluoride, NaF, what element does the sodium atom lose an electron to resemble?
Neon
In many compounds, atoms of main-group elements form ions so that they have how many electrons in their outermost energy levels?
In many compounds, atoms of main-group elements form ions so that they have how many electrons in their outermost energy levels?
8
How many more electrons does nitrogen need to have an electron configuration similar to neon?
How many more electrons does nitrogen need to have an electron configuration similar to neon?
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What is an anion?
What is an anion?
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The element of the ________ group satisfies the octet rule without forming compounds.
The element of the ________ group satisfies the octet rule without forming compounds.
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An ion and its parent atom have the same what?
An ion and its parent atom have the same what?
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The melting points of ionic compounds are higher than those of molecular compounds.
The melting points of ionic compounds are higher than those of molecular compounds.
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What is the metallic ion in the compound CuCl2?
What is the metallic ion in the compound CuCl2?
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Write the formula for the compound formed by calcium ions, Ca^2+, and chloride ions Cl-.
Write the formula for the compound formed by calcium ions, Ca^2+, and chloride ions Cl-.
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What is the formula for the compound formed by aluminum (III) and the sulfate ion SO4^2-?
What is the formula for the compound formed by aluminum (III) and the sulfate ion SO4^2-?
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What is the formula for the compound formed by barium ion, Ba2+, and the hydroxide ion, OH-?
What is the formula for the compound formed by barium ion, Ba2+, and the hydroxide ion, OH-?
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What is the name of the compound Ni(ClO3)2?
What is the name of the compound Ni(ClO3)2?
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What is the name of the compound Zn3(PO4)2?
What is the name of the compound Zn3(PO4)2?
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What is the name of the compound Hg2(NO3)2?
What is the name of the compound Hg2(NO3)2?
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What is the name of the compound KClO3?
What is the name of the compound KClO3?
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What is the name of the compound Fe(NO2)2?
What is the name of the compound Fe(NO2)2?
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What is the name of the compound CuCO3?
What is the name of the compound CuCO3?
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The tendency of atoms of elements to gain or lose electrons so that their outer s and p orbitals are filled with eight electrons is called the ______ rule.
The tendency of atoms of elements to gain or lose electrons so that their outer s and p orbitals are filled with eight electrons is called the ______ rule.
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An electron that occupies the outermost energy level of an atom is known as a ______ electron.
An electron that occupies the outermost energy level of an atom is known as a ______ electron.
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An atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge because it has either lost or gained one or more electrons is known as a?
An atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge because it has either lost or gained one or more electrons is known as a?
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An ion that has a positive charge is called a?
An ion that has a positive charge is called a?
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An ion that has a negative charge is called a?
An ion that has a negative charge is called a?
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The ion formed by an atom of a metal is a?
The ion formed by an atom of a metal is a?
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The ion formed by an atom of a non-metal is a?
The ion formed by an atom of a non-metal is a?
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In naming binary ionic compounds, the name of __________ appears first followed by the name of the ______.
In naming binary ionic compounds, the name of __________ appears first followed by the name of the ______.
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What is the name of the ion O2-?
What is the name of the ion O2-?
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What is the name of the ion Cu+?
What is the name of the ion Cu+?
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The electrons involved in the formation of a covalent bond are called?
The electrons involved in the formation of a covalent bond are called?
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What is the chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons called?
What is the chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons called?
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In a double bond, two atoms share a total of how many electrons?
In a double bond, two atoms share a total of how many electrons?
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A bond formed by atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons is called a __________ bond.
A bond formed by atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons is called a __________ bond.
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A molecule is a neutrally charged group of atoms held together by one or more ________ bonds.
A molecule is a neutrally charged group of atoms held together by one or more ________ bonds.
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A covalent body in which two atoms share one pair of electrons is called a ________ bond.
A covalent body in which two atoms share one pair of electrons is called a ________ bond.
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In a Lewis structure of a molecule, a _______ bond is correctly represented by a long dash.
In a Lewis structure of a molecule, a _______ bond is correctly represented by a long dash.
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A covalent body in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called a ________ bond.
A covalent body in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called a ________ bond.
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A covalent body in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons is called a ________ bond.
A covalent body in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons is called a ________ bond.
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A chemical reaction has occurred if the products have?
A chemical reaction has occurred if the products have?
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Study Notes
Electron Configurations and Chemical Reactivity
- The non-reactive electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, characteristic of noble gases.
- Sodium fluoride (NaF) forms ions with electron configurations resembling neon, where sodium loses one electron and fluorine gains one.
Ion Formation and Electron Count
- Main-group elements typically form ions with eight electrons in their outer energy levels, adhering to the octet rule.
- Nitrogen requires three more electrons to achieve a neon-like electron configuration.
Types of Ions
- An anion is defined as an ion with a negative charge, while a cation is an ion with a positive charge.
- Ions retain the same atomic number as their parent atoms.
Melting Points and Ionic Compounds
- Ionic compounds exhibit higher melting points than molecular compounds due to stronger ionic interactions.
Chemical Formulas for Specific Compounds
- The metallic ion in CuCl₂ is Cu²⁺.
- Compounds are represented as follows:
- Calcium and chloride: CaCl₂
- Aluminum (III) and sulfate: Al₂(SO₄)₃
- Barium and hydroxide: Ba(OH)₂
- Nickel chlorate: Ni(ClO₃)₂
- Zinc phosphate: Zn₃(PO₄)₂
- Mercury (I) nitrate: Hg₂(NO₃)₂
- Potassium chlorate: KClO₃
- Iron (II) nitrite: Fe(NO₂)₂
- Copper (II) carbonate: CuCO₃
Naming Ions and Compounds
- The octet rule describes the tendency of atoms to achieve eight electrons in the outer shell.
- A valence electron is one occupying the outermost energy level.
- The oxide ion corresponds to O²⁻, while the copper(I) ion is represented by Cu⁺.
Covalent Bonds and Molecule Structure
- Covalent bonds involve sharing valence electrons between atoms.
- A single bond shares two electrons, represented by a long dash in Lewis structures.
- Double and triple bonds share four and six electrons, respectively.
- Molecules, neutrally charged groups of atoms, are held together by one or more covalent bonds.
Chemical Reactions
- A chemical reaction is identified when the products formed exhibit distinct properties compared to reactants.
Studying That Suits You
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering fundamental concepts of chemistry. These cards include topics like electron configurations and ionic bonding. Perfect for final exam preparation or a quick review!
