Chemistry Chapter 5
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second shell of an atom?

  • 8 (correct)
  • 4
  • 6
  • 2

    • Which of the following elements would belong to group 6 of the periodic table?

  • Bromine (Br)
  • Oxygen (O) (correct)
  • Lithium (Li)
  • Fluorine (F)

    • Which type of ion is typically formed by non-metal atoms?

  • Cations
  • Neutral atoms
  • Anions (correct)
  • Positive ions

    • An ionic bond is formed due to the attraction between which types of particles?

    <p>Oppositely charged ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the charge of a Group 2 metal ion expressed?

    <p>2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of noble gases accounts for their lack of reactivity?

    <p>Full outer electron shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an atom of magnesium when it loses two electrons?

    <p>It forms a Mg²⁺ cation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ionic compounds generally have high melting and boiling points?

    <p>Giant ionic lattice structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these ions is formed by a Group 5 non-metal?

    <p>Nitride (N³⁻)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would the electron configuration of an element in period 3, group 2 look like?

    <p>2.8.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct observation when magnesium burns in oxygen?

    <p>Burns with a bright white flame forming a white powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes non-metal oxides?

    <p>Form acids in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When metal carbonates are thermally decomposed, what is the product along with carbon dioxide?

    <p>Metal oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does universal indicator turn in a strongly alkaline solution?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which range on the pH scale indicates a weakly acidic solution?

    <p>4-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a neutralization reaction between an acid and an alkali, which compound is always produced?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about bases is NOT true?

    <p>Bases do not react with acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator is colorless in both acidic and neutral solutions?

    <p>Phenolphthalein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when zinc carbonate reacts with nitric acid?

    <p>Zinc nitrate + Water + Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a compound?

    <p>A substance made of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded in fixed proportions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to limewater when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it?

    <p>It becomes cloudy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid produces sulfate salts?

    <p>Sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of pure substances regarding their melting and boiling points?

    <p>They melt or boil at single fixed temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is produced when an alkali reacts with an acid?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct method for calculating the relative formula mass (Mr) of a compound?

    <p>By adding the atomic masses of all individual atoms in the compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly represents the reaction of sodium hydroxide with nitric acid?

    <p>NaOH + HNO₃ → NaNO₃ + H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an endothermic reaction?

    <p>Dissolving salt in water, resulting in cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are metal-nonmetal compounds named?

    <p>Using the -ide ending for the non-metal component.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation confirms the presence of hydrogen gas in a reaction?

    <p>Splint burns with a squeaky pop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following salts is produced from hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the state symbol (aq) stand for in a chemical equation?

    <p>Aqueous state (dissolved in water).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing chemical equations, what can you change to ensure atoms are conserved?

    <p>The coefficients in front of the formulas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates impure mixtures from pure substances?

    <p>Impure mixtures may vary in composition and properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Particles are neatly packed in rows and closely together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase change is characterized by the release of heat energy?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes isotopes of an element?

    <p>They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of relative atomic mass, what does the term 'weighted by their abundance' refer to?

    <p>Calculating the contribution of each isotope's mass relative to its proportion in the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass number of an atom if it contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the kinetic energy of gas particles?

    <p>Gas particles possess high kinetic energy and move randomly at high speeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When water vapor condenses into liquid water, which of the following occurs?

    <p>The arrangement of particles becomes more orderly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for calculating the relative atomic mass from isotopes?

    <p>Sum of (mass number × % abundance) divided by 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the melting and boiling points of simple covalent molecules?

    <p>The size and mass of the molecules involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about diffusion is true?

    <p>Particles naturally spread from high to low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the experiment with concentrated ammonia and hydrochloric acid, why does the white ring form closer to the HCl end?

    <p>NH3 molecules are lighter and diffuse more quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a saturated solution?

    <p>A solution where no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would the solubility of copper sulfate change if the temperature is increased from 20°C to 80°C?

    <p>Solubility would increase, allowing more copper sulfate to dissolve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the solvent play in a solution?

    <p>It is the liquid that dissolves the solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using pencil lines in paper chromatography?

    <p>Pencil lines help to mark the initial dye position accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the dilution of a colored solution, what happens to the concentration of colored particles?

    <p>Concentration decreases as water dilutes the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In paper chromatography, how does solubility affect the distance traveled by components?

    <p>More soluble components travel further up the paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in calculating the empirical formula of a compound made from sodium and oxygen?

    <p>Write down the mass of each element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of finding the molecular formula from an empirical formula, what must be calculated first?

    <p>The Mr of the empirical formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an experiment to find the formula of MgO, which mass is crucial for determining magnesium's contribution?

    <p>Mass of the magnesium prior to heating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When calculating water of crystallization ratios, what mass measurement is needed to determine the water content?

    <p>Mass of the water removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To determine the empirical formula of BaCl₂⋅nH₂O, which step is performed after weighing the anhydrous salt?

    <p>Divide the mass of the salt by its Mr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in determining the empirical formula after dividing the masses by their respective relative atomic masses?

    <p>Record the formula in its simplest form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When constructing the formula for hydrated salts, which of the following is NOT a typical step?

    <p>Add the crystals to the boiling water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative atomic mass (Ar) of oxygen that is commonly used in calculations found in empirical formula determinations?

    <p>$16$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkanes?

    <p>$C_nH_{2n+2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about crude oil is NOT true?

    <p>Crude oil is primarily composed of carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion can be drawn if Ink 2 did not move off the pencil line during chromatography?

    <p>Ink 2 is insoluble in the used solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule represents the structural formula of butane?

    <p>$C_4H_{10}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula would you use to derive the molecular formula for an alkane given its number of carbon atoms n?

    <p>$C_nH_{2n+2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the boiling point of hydrocarbons as you move down a fractional distillation column?

    <p>It increases steadily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the empirical formula for a compound that contains 10 carbon atoms and 25 hydrogen atoms?

    <p>C2H5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about complete combustion is correct?

    <p>It always produces carbon dioxide and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a chromatogram shows 3 distinct spots for Ink 1, what does this indicate about its composition?

    <p>Ink 1 consists of 3 different dyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an isomer of pentane?

    <p>2-methylbutane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the viscosity of hydrocarbons change as the molecule length increases down the column?

    <p>Viscosity increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options best describes isomers?

    <p>Molecules with identical molecular formulas but different structural arrangements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the structural formula of butane?

    <p>Butane’s structural formula is CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is produced during incomplete combustion?

    <p>Carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the IUPAC name of an organic compound?

    <p>The longest carbon chain present in the compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you calculate the Rf value if a dye has moved 5 cm and the solvent front has moved 10 cm?

    <p>Rf = 0.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of carbon monoxide binding to red blood cells?

    <p>It reduces oxygen transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas contributes to the greenhouse effect and is primarily a result of human activity?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reaction leads to the formation of acid rain in the atmosphere?

    <p>Reaction of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the relative atomic mass calculated?

    <p>By averaging the weights of all isotopes present in a sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mole calculation formula for determining the amount of substance?

    <p>$n = rac{m}{M_{r}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description correctly distinguishes between molecular and empirical formulas?

    <p>Empirical formulas show the simplest ratio, while molecular formulas show exact numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant effect of increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

    <p>A gradual increase in global average temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reaction occurs when sulfur dioxide is formed from the combustion of impurities?

    <p>$S + O_{2} ightarrow SO_{2}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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