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Questions and Answers
Epithelial tissue has blood vessels within its structure.
Epithelial tissue has blood vessels within its structure.
False
The apical surface of epithelial cells is always exposed to a body surface or cavity.
The apical surface of epithelial cells is always exposed to a body surface or cavity.
True
Monolayers of epithelial cells are considered more structurally complex than stratified layers.
Monolayers of epithelial cells are considered more structurally complex than stratified layers.
False
Epithelial cells are primarily responsible for protecting, secreting, absorbing, and excreting substances.
Epithelial cells are primarily responsible for protecting, secreting, absorbing, and excreting substances.
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Keratinised epithelial cells are moist and alive.
Keratinised epithelial cells are moist and alive.
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Homeostasis is a minor principle in the study of physiology.
Homeostasis is a minor principle in the study of physiology.
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The basement membrane connects epithelial cells to the underlying connective tissue.
The basement membrane connects epithelial cells to the underlying connective tissue.
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Sweat glands are an example of exocrine glands found in epithelial tissue.
Sweat glands are an example of exocrine glands found in epithelial tissue.
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Epithelial tissue has a high regeneration rate due to its exposure to harsh environments.
Epithelial tissue has a high regeneration rate due to its exposure to harsh environments.
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Exocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood.
Exocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood.
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The primary role of epithelial cells in the lungs is to absorb nutrients.
The primary role of epithelial cells in the lungs is to absorb nutrients.
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The pancreas functions solely as an endocrine gland.
The pancreas functions solely as an endocrine gland.
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Body water makes up about 55-60% of a 70 kg human's body mass.
Body water makes up about 55-60% of a 70 kg human's body mass.
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Sweat glands are classified as endocrine glands.
Sweat glands are classified as endocrine glands.
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A primary function of epithelial tissue is to facilitate gas exchange in the lungs.
A primary function of epithelial tissue is to facilitate gas exchange in the lungs.
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The kidneys secrete renin, classifying them as exocrine glands.
The kidneys secrete renin, classifying them as exocrine glands.
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Drinking salty popcorn promotes dehydration due to increased thirst.
Drinking salty popcorn promotes dehydration due to increased thirst.
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Homeostasis primarily refers to the body’s mechanism of water transport.
Homeostasis primarily refers to the body’s mechanism of water transport.
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The concept of water balance is essential for maintaining physiological functions.
The concept of water balance is essential for maintaining physiological functions.
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The total body water of a 70 kg human is equivalent to 74 pints.
The total body water of a 70 kg human is equivalent to 74 pints.
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Water can freely cross a lipid bilayer without assistance.
Water can freely cross a lipid bilayer without assistance.
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Water is absorbed in the gut after drinking.
Water is absorbed in the gut after drinking.
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The kidneys are responsible for the secretion and evaporation of water through the skin.
The kidneys are responsible for the secretion and evaporation of water through the skin.
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Diarrhea can lead to a lack of water absorption in the gut.
Diarrhea can lead to a lack of water absorption in the gut.
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A 70 kg human has a total body water content of 52 L.
A 70 kg human has a total body water content of 52 L.
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The filtration of blood in the kidneys involves glomerulus cells leaving gaps for different substances.
The filtration of blood in the kidneys involves glomerulus cells leaving gaps for different substances.
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The total intracellular fluid in a human body is 28 L, which constitutes 67% of total body water.
The total intracellular fluid in a human body is 28 L, which constitutes 67% of total body water.
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The main role of the kidneys is to reabsorb all water and solutes from the bloodstream.
The main role of the kidneys is to reabsorb all water and solutes from the bloodstream.
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Transport proteins form pores in the membrane to facilitate the movement of water across epithelial cells.
Transport proteins form pores in the membrane to facilitate the movement of water across epithelial cells.
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Extracellular fluid accounts for 33% of all body water, which equals 14 L.
Extracellular fluid accounts for 33% of all body water, which equals 14 L.
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The secretion of water occurs primarily in the intestines.
The secretion of water occurs primarily in the intestines.
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Interstitial fluid is classified as intracellular fluid.
Interstitial fluid is classified as intracellular fluid.
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The reabsorption of water is only relevant to the kidney function.
The reabsorption of water is only relevant to the kidney function.
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The daily water loss from the body due to urine is 1.5 L and is the greatest component of water loss.
The daily water loss from the body due to urine is 1.5 L and is the greatest component of water loss.
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Half of the kidneys' function relates to the filtration of plasma.
Half of the kidneys' function relates to the filtration of plasma.
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A human can survive almost 17 days without any water intake.
A human can survive almost 17 days without any water intake.
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Plasma constitutes 11 L of the total extracellular fluid in the human body.
Plasma constitutes 11 L of the total extracellular fluid in the human body.
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The osmolarity of intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid is different, leading to net water movement.
The osmolarity of intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid is different, leading to net water movement.
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Total body water is measured as 28 L of extracellular fluid in a 70 kg human.
Total body water is measured as 28 L of extracellular fluid in a 70 kg human.
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Daily water intake must match daily water loss to prevent dehydration.
Daily water intake must match daily water loss to prevent dehydration.
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Study Notes
Introductory Physiology Lectures
- Lectures 1-8 focus on the foundations for understanding systems and integrated physiology.
- The course teaches how the body is organized, basis for understanding system function, and how normal physiological processes relate to disease.
- Lecture 8 focuses specifically on nerve physiology.
Body Water & Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial Tissue forms boundaries between body compartments, protects, secretes, absorbs, and excretes.
- Epithelial Tissue can be stratified (multiple layers) or monolayers (single layer).
- Epithelial Tissue has an apical surface exposed to external or internal open space and a basolateral surface linked to connective tissue.
- Epithelial Tissue cells are held together by tight junctions.
- Epithelial Tissue can be keratinised (dead/dry) or non-keratinised (alive/moist).
- Glands are formed from Epithelial Tissue and secrete into or out of the body.
- Endocrine glands secrete hormones inside the body.
- Exocrine glands secrete outside the body.
- Body Water makes up 55-60% of a human’s body mass, with 67% residing inside cells (ICF) and 33% outside cells (ECF).
- ICF contains 28 L while ECF contains 14 L.
- ECF is divided into 3 L of plasma and 11 L of interstitial fluid.
- ICF and ECF have different solute concentrations but the same osmolarity, preventing net water movement.
- The daily water balance is about 2.5 L with intake matching loss to avoid dehydration.
- Loss of fluids occurs through the kidneys (urine), lungs (evaporation), skin (sweat), and faeces.
- Water balance is crucial and plays a significant role in maintaining body water at 42 L.
- Water crosses epithelia through filtration in the kidneys and (re)absorption/secretion in other epithelial cells.
- Kidney filtration plays a major role in maintaining water balance.
- Water cannot cross a lipid bilayer; it requires the help of transport proteins forming pores in the membrane.
- Water is absorbed in the gut and reabsorbed in the kidney.
- Water loss occurs through secretion and evaporation in the lungs and skin, secretion and lack of absorption in the gut, and filtration/secretion and lack of reabsorption in the kidney.
- Exercise, external temperature, coffee/alcohol/salt intake and/or disease can affect the rate of water loss.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of systems and integrated physiology through Lectures 1-8. Understand the organization of the body and how physiological processes relate to health and disease, with a specific focus on nerve physiology in Lecture 8.
