Introduction to the Nervous System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To digest food

To regulate body temperature

To communicate information about surroundings (correct)

To produce hormones

Which of the following components are part of the nervous system?

Blood and plasma

Neurons and glia (correct)

Muscles and tendons

Organs and tissues

How is the nervous system broadly categorized?

Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (correct)

Sensory system and motor system

Central nervous system and lymphatic system

Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

What role do glia play in the nervous system?

They aid in the function of neurons. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Dr. Renato S.A. Vega?

A professor in animal physiology Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the central nervous system?

Brain and Spinal Cord Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement?

Somatic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ventromedial area in the brain?

Serve as a satiety center Signup and view all the answers

Which division is associated with involuntary control of visceral motors?

Parasympathetic Division Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of endocrinology?

Coordination of body tissues through hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

Controlling muscle contractions Signup and view all the answers

What role do sensory neurons play in the nervous system?

Carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS Signup and view all the answers

The lateral area of the brain is known for which function?

Feeding Center Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes endocrine organs from other glands?

They are sometimes called ductless glands Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is NOT part of the human endocrine system?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Involuntary bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the peripheral nervous system has fibers responsible for carrying signals from the CNS to the muscles?

Somatic Division Signup and view all the answers

What role do neurohormones play in the endocrine system?

They act as chemical messengers from nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

Which process includes both catabolism and anabolism?

Energy metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hormone-producing organs in the endocrine system?

Produce and secrete hormones Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Type I diabetes?

Insufficient insulin secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which system includes cranial and spinal nerves?

Peripheral Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the pancreas is correct?

It operates both as an exocrine and endocrine gland Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for hormone production in the endocrine system?

Endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What role do glucocorticoids play in metabolism?

They stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the circulatory system and the endocrine system?

The circulatory system carries hormones to target organs Signup and view all the answers

In the human brain, what function do the cortex, limbic system, and midsections serve?

They represent the what, how, and why of the human mind Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the liver in relation to IGF-1?

It secretes IGF-1 and its binding proteins Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is secreted by the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

Thyroxine (T4) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of Prolactin (PRL)?

Stimulates O2 consumption of most cells Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is necessary for normal growth and maturation?

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Signup and view all the answers

What does Luteinizing Hormone (LH) primarily regulate?

Ovulation and testosterone production Signup and view all the answers

What condition is known as thyrotoxicosis?

Overactivity of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is hypothyroidism characterized by?

Enlargement of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What role does Melanin Stimulating Hormone (MSH) play?

Stimulates melanin production in skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of thyroxine (T4) on metabolism?

Increases basal metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Overview

Composed of neurons and glial cells that support neuron function.
Divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
CNS includes the brain and spinal cord; PNS consists of sensory and motor neurons.

Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory (Afferent) Division relays information from sensory receptors to the CNS.
Motor (Efferent) Division carries commands from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands).
Autonomic Nervous System (involuntary control) includes sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Somatic Nervous System (voluntary control) manages skeletal muscle contraction.

Central Regulation in the Brain

Ventromedial area functions as the satiety center, regulating feelings of fullness.
Lateral area acts as the feeding center, influencing loss of appetite.
Preoptic Area is crucial for thermoregulation.

Endocrine System Overview

Composed of glands producing hormones that regulate bodily functions.
Functions include growth/development regulation, tissue function control, reproductive support, and metabolism regulation.
Often referred to as ductless glands due to lack of ducts linking them to specific body parts.

Key Endocrine Components

Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas are major glands.
Pituitary gland secretes several key hormones, including:
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) – stimulates thyroid hormone production.
- Prolactin (PRL) – supports breastfeeding and regulates reproductive functions.
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) – play roles in reproductive health.

Thyrotoxicosis – overactivity of the thyroid leading to excess T4.
Hypothyroidism – insufficient T4 due to iodine deficiency, causing thyroid enlargement.
Diabetes Mellitus
- Type I – caused by insufficient insulin production.
- Type II – characterized by insulin resistance in tissues.

Summary Points

Terminal endings of nerve cells located in the palms and feet.
Brain organization includes cortex, limbic system, and midsections for different cognitive processes (what, how, why).
Hypothalamus neuropeptides regulate anterior pituitary hormones but not the other lobes.
Liver produces IGF-1 and its binding proteins; involved in growth and animal production (e.g., milk synthesis).
Pancreas functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland, controlling glucose metabolism through insulin and glucagon.

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Description

This quiz introduces the nervous system and its essential functions in animal communication. Explore specialized cells and their role in information transmission. Test your knowledge about the basic structure and functions of this critical biological system.