Introduction to Telehealth & Telepharmacy
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of telepharmacy?

  • To manage patient medical records physically
  • To dispense medications remotely under pharmacist supervision (correct)
  • To offer health insurance services online
  • To provide in-person consultations at pharmacies

Which term best describes the use of mobile wireless technologies in healthcare?

  • Digital health
  • Telemedicine
  • e-Health
  • Telehealth (correct)

What was a significant event that increased the popularity of telehealth?

  • The launch of new healthcare apps
  • The rise of wearable health devices
  • The COVID-19 pandemic (correct)
  • The introduction of telemedicine legislation

Which of the following definitions is most accurately associated with e-Health?

<p>The use of ICT in support of health and health-related fields (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the barriers to telepharmacy services?

<p>Limited technology access in rural areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary focus of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) in telepharmacy?

<p>Comprehensive medication reviews and adherence support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the significant roles that pharmacists play in chronic disease management through telepharmacy?

<p>Adjusting therapy based on health condition monitoring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is critical for effective telepharmacy services?

<p>Comprehensive integration with Electronic Medical Records (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge exists in the implementation of telepharmacy regarding patient literacy?

<p>Patients demonstrate low eHealth literacy and skill levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does AI play in the future of telepharmacy?

<p>AI is expected to enhance clinical benefits and accessibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of patient knowledge regarding mHealth apps, what specific lack was identified among primary care patients?

<p>Ability to critically evaluate health information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent benefit of telepharmacy mentioned in the content?

<p>Improved patient convenience and accessibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following barriers was noted regarding telepharmacy services in Malaysia?

<p>Lack of confidence in making health decisions based on online information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Telehealth

The use of telecommunications and virtual technology to deliver healthcare outside of traditional healthcare facilities.

e-Health

The use of ICT in support of health and health-related fields.

Digital health

A broad umbrella term encompassing e-Health, mobile health (m-Health), and emerging areas like advanced computing sciences in big data, genomics, and artificial intelligence.

Remote dispensing

Involves the use of automated dispensing systems and telecommunication technologies to dispense medications under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist.

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Telepharmacy

The use of telecommunication technologies to provide pharmaceutical services remotely, like medication counseling or therapeutic drug monitoring.

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What is Medication Therapy Management (MTM) in Telepharmacy?

Medication Therapy Management (MTM) includes comprehensive medication reviews, medication reconciliation, adherence support, and patient education provided remotely by pharmacists.

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What services are provided by Telepharmacy regarding patient counseling and education?

Telepharmacy encompasses patient counseling and education, offering instructions about medication use, side effects, lifestyle modifications, and disease management.

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How does Telepharmacy support Chronic Disease Management?

Chronic disease management in telepharmacy involves pharmacists remotely monitoring patients' health conditions, reviewing their medication adherence, and adjusting therapy as needed.

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How does Telepharmacy integrate with Electronic Medical Records (EMRs)?

Integrating Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in telepharmacy allows pharmacists to access patient data instantly, enabling timely clinical decisions.

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What are the key benefits of Telepharmacy?

Telepharmacy services are delivered remotely, providing convenient and accessible healthcare, particularly for patients with limited mobility or residing in rural areas.

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What are some challenges hindering the implementation of Telepharmacy?

Barriers to telepharmacy implementation include limited access to technology, inadequate reimbursement models, regulatory hurdles, and a lack of patient trust.

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What is eHealth Literacy and why is it important in Telepharmacy?

eHealth literacy refers to the ability to access, understand, and utilize health information effectively. It is essential for both patients and healthcare practitioners in Telepharmacy.

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How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) contribute to the future of Telepharmacy?

AI plays a significant role in the future of telepharmacy by personalizing treatment plans, automating tasks, identifying potential risks, and enhancing drug safety.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Telehealth & Telepharmacy

  • Telehealth and telepharmacy are part of the broader umbrella term "eHealth".
  • Telepharmacy focuses specifically on pharmaceutical care services, while telehealth encompasses a wider range of healthcare services, including remote consultations and health education.
  • Telehealth's use has grown, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Concepts and Definitions

  • "Tele-" is a prefix, meaning "distance" or "from afar".
  • E-health uses ICT (information and communication technology) to support health and health-related fields.
  • Telehealth uses telecommunications and virtual technology to deliver healthcare outside traditional facilities.
  • m-health focuses on mobile wireless technologies for health.
  • Digital health is a broad term encompassing eHealth, mHealth, and related emerging areas, including big data, genomics, and AI.

Types of Telehealth & Telemedicine

  • Synchronous telehealth involves real-time communication such as video calls.
  • Asynchronous telehealth uses non-real time communication, such as messaging, email, or file sharing.

Types of Telepharmacy Services

  • Remote dispensing uses automated dispensing systems and telecommunications to distribute medications under pharmacist supervision.
  • Medication Therapy Management (MTM) involves comprehensive medication reviews, reconciliation, adherence support, and patient education.
  • Patient counselling and education provides instructions on medication use, side effects, lifestyle modifications, and disease management.
  • Chronic disease management involves pharmacists monitoring patients' conditions, reviewing medication adherence, and adjusting therapies.
  • Integration with Electronic Medical Records (EMR) enables instant patient data access for pharmacists, supporting clinical decision-making.

Benefits of Telehealth and Telepharmacy

  • Improved clinical control in certain conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart failure).
  • Reduced mortality and hospital admissions in some cases.
  • Improvement in patients’ perceived quality of life in certain chronic diseases.
  • Increased access to care in rural or underserved areas.
  • Improved patient convenience and accessibility.

Barriers to Telepharmacy

  • Lack of long-term efficacy evidence.
  • Interoperability issues (difficulty sharing data between systems).
  • Usability challenges for both providers and patients.
  • Infrastructural, regulatory, and privacy concerns.
  • Lack of reimbursement mechanisms.
  • Challenges with digital divide and access to digital technology.

Current Issues in Telepharmacy services

  • EHealth literacy can be a problem for both patients and providers, but individual ehealth literacy among providers is typically high.
  • Primary care patients in Malaysia often have a low eHealth literacy level.

Future Directions for Telepharmacy

  • AI-driven telepharmacy allows pharmacists to provide highly personalized medication management by analyzing patient data.
  • Expansion of telepharmacy services into rural and underserved areas is necessary.

Success Stories/Examples of Telepharmacy

  • WellAway is an example of a licensed e-Pharmacy.

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Description

Explore the concepts of telehealth and telepharmacy in this informative quiz. Understand how these services utilize technology to deliver healthcare and the specific focus of telepharmacy on pharmaceutical care. Learn about the growth of these practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and their role in modern healthcare.

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