37 Questions
What did the Nuremberg Code establish?
Voluntary consent and right to withdraw from experiment
What did the WMA Declaration of Helsinki add to the Nuremberg Code?
Right to privacy and confidentiality of personal information of research subjects
What is the Flesch Reading Ease Test used for?
Assigning a value to the ease of reading a text
What proportion of health apps available in the Apple store are truly medical/health related?
Only about half
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008?
To protect patients against discrimination by employers and healthcare insurers based on genetic information
What is the purpose of meaningful use in public health surveillance?
To electronically transmit immunization data and reportable lab results
What is the primary function of a Geographic Information System (GIS) in public health?
Mapping and analysis of geographic data
What is a key skill set required for data science?
Mathematics and statistics
What does cardinality refer to in the context of relational database systems (RDBS)?
Uniqueness of relationships between tables
What is the purpose of normalization in database management?
To prevent duplication of inputted data
What are the three data analytical approaches mentioned in the text?
Statistical modeling, machine learning, programming language
What does the term 'scope' refer to in a project context?
What the project will and won't do, its boundaries, and what it will implement
What is the function of a primary key in a database table?
To provide a unique identifier for each record
What is the purpose of queries in database management?
To extract information from a table
What is the primary function of reports in database management?
To display and present data
What is the purpose of forms in database management?
To enter and manipulate data
What is the gold standard for clinical evidence according to the evidence pyramid?
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Which level of evidence is derived from consistent RCTs?
Level 1
What does PACs stand for in the context of medical imaging?
Picture-archiving and communication systems
What is the primary focus of Medical Imaging Informatics?
Patient care improvement
What is a key disadvantage of PACs systems in medical imaging?
High initial costs
What is the primary purpose of teleradiology?
Providing remote radiology coverage
What type of evidence is Level 2 in the evidence pyramid typically derived from?
Cohort studies
What was a significant barrier faced during the transition to filmless radiology?
Extensive initial costs
What is the main focus of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs)?
Enhancing clinical decision-making
What does Telehealth primarily involve?
Remote patient monitoring
What type of radiology network did the Veterans Health Administration launch in 2007?
Teleradiology network
What is the focus of evidence categorized as Level 3 in the evidence pyramid?
Economic evaluations
What is the difference between telehealth and telemedicine?
Telehealth encompasses different transmission modes, while telemedicine refers to the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical health care.
What do the goals and purposes of telehealth include?
Addressing rising healthcare costs and improving patient satisfaction through better access to specialty care.
What is bioinformatics also known as?
Computational biology
What does transformational bioinformatics focus on?
Human eHealth
What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype refers to observable characteristics, while genotype refers to raw genetic information.
What is the importance of bioinformatics?
Discovering drug targets and developing personalized drugs
What was the result of the Human Genome Project?
Discovery of 3 million SNPs
What does personal genomics aim to do?
Create tailor-made medications and treatments based on individual genetic profiles
What ethical questions are related to genetic testing?
Accuracy, regulation, and clinical benefits
Study Notes
Telehealth and Bioinformatics Overview
- Telehealth refers to the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, and public health and health administration.
- Telemedicine is rising in popularity due to the increasing cost of healthcare worldwide and the need for new strategies to prevent readmissions, especially in the context of shortages of specialists in rural areas and the rise in chronic diseases and aging of the population.
- Telemedicine encompasses different transmission modes, including store-and-forward, real-time, and remote monitoring, each with its own requirements and benefits.
- However, there are barriers to telemedicine adoption, such as limited reimbursement, high initial costs, bandwidth issues, licensure laws, and ethical and legal challenges.
- The goals and purposes of telehealth include addressing rising healthcare costs, preventing readmissions, overcoming specialist shortages, and improving patient satisfaction through better access to specialty care.
- Bioinformatics, also known as computational biology, combines biology, computer science, and information technology to develop algorithms for biological hypotheses, such as finding genes, predicting protein structure, and examining evolutionary relationships.
- Transformational bioinformatics focuses on human eHealth, while genomics, proteomics, pharmacogenomics, and metabolomics are specific fields in the study of genetic material and its relation to biological functions.
- The difference between phenotype and genotype lies in observable characteristics versus raw genetic information, with the human body containing about 100 trillion cells, each with a complete set of genetic information.
- Bioinformatics is important for diagnosing hereditary diseases, discovering drug targets, developing personalized drugs and gene therapies, and contributing to the Human Genome Project.
- The Human Genome Project was an international collaborative effort that started in 1990 and finished in 2003, resulting in the discovery of 3 million SNPs and raising ethical, legal, and social issues related to genetic databases and technologies.
- Personal genomics aims to create tailor-made medications and treatments based on individual genetic profiles, as seen in the All of Us Project, which collects biological data to further precision or personalized medicine.
- However, ethical questions related to genetic testing, such as accuracy, regulation, and clinical benefits, remain, emphasizing the importance of ensuring accuracy before undergoing genetic testing.
Test your knowledge of telehealth and bioinformatics with this informative quiz! Explore the concepts and applications of telemedicine, including its benefits and barriers, as well as delve into the world of bioinformatics, genomics, and the ethical considerations surrounding genetic testing.
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