Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the prefix 'tele-' generally imply in healthcare terminology?
What does the prefix 'tele-' generally imply in healthcare terminology?
- The integration of health data into personal devices
- Health services provided from a distance (correct)
- The delivery of services by in-person contact
- The use of extensive medical research
Which of the following best defines the term telehealth?
Which of the following best defines the term telehealth?
- The use of telecommunications technology to deliver health care remotely (correct)
- A method of health treatment that requires physical presence
- An online platform for health education and resources
- Health services provided through in-person consultations
What is a primary benefit of utilizing telepharmacy services?
What is a primary benefit of utilizing telepharmacy services?
- Elimination of the need for licensed pharmacists
- Reduced costs and improved access to medications (correct)
- Increased necessity for in-person visits
- Enhanced physical examination of patients
Which of the following is NOT a type of telepharmacy service?
Which of the following is NOT a type of telepharmacy service?
What emerging areas does digital health encompass?
What emerging areas does digital health encompass?
What does Medication Therapy Management (MTM) primarily focus on?
What does Medication Therapy Management (MTM) primarily focus on?
Which of the following is NOT included in patient counselling and education?
Which of the following is NOT included in patient counselling and education?
In chronic disease management via telepharmacy, pharmacists typically do NOT:
In chronic disease management via telepharmacy, pharmacists typically do NOT:
What is one major benefit of integrating telepharmacy with Electronic Medical Records (EMR)?
What is one major benefit of integrating telepharmacy with Electronic Medical Records (EMR)?
A common barrier to providing telepharmacy services is:
A common barrier to providing telepharmacy services is:
Which statement about eHealth literacy among primary care patients in Malaysia is true?
Which statement about eHealth literacy among primary care patients in Malaysia is true?
What role does AI play in the future of telepharmacy?
What role does AI play in the future of telepharmacy?
Which of the following best describes telepharmacy?
Which of the following best describes telepharmacy?
Flashcards
e-Health
e-Health
The use of ICT in supporting health and health-related fields.
Telehealth
Telehealth
The use of telecommunications and virtual technology to deliver healthcare outside of traditional healthcare facilities.
Digital Health
Digital Health
A broad term encompassing e-Health and emerging areas like big data, genomics, and artificial intelligence in healthcare.
Remote Dispensing
Remote Dispensing
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Telepharmacy Counseling
Telepharmacy Counseling
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Medication Therapy Management (MTM)
Medication Therapy Management (MTM)
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Patient Counseling & Education
Patient Counseling & Education
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Chronic Disease Management
Chronic Disease Management
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Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Integration
Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Integration
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E-Health Literacy
E-Health Literacy
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AI in Telepharmacy
AI in Telepharmacy
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Telepharmacy
Telepharmacy
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Study Notes
Introduction to Telehealth and Telepharmacy
- Telehealth encompasses a wide range of healthcare services.
- Telepharmacy focuses on medication care.
- Telehealth includes remote consultations and health education.
- Telepharmacy targets medication-related services specifically.
Key Concepts and Definitions
- Tele- is a prefix meaning "distance" or "from afar".
- eHealth: Uses ICT to support health and health-related fields.
- Telehealth: Uses telecommunications and virtual technology outside traditional healthcare facilities to deliver healthcare.
- Digital health: A broad term encompassing eHealth and mHealth, plus emerging areas like big data, genomics and AI.
Modern Telehealth Timeline
- 1950s - X-rays over phone
- 1959-1960 - CCTV exams
- 1960 - tracking vitals from space
- 1990 - Virtual consultations via internet
- 2020 - COVID-19 care
- 2024 - Healthee's unlimited Telehealth
Types of Telehealth/Telemedicine
- Synchronous Telehealth: Real-time video, online discussion groups, secure texting, audio clips, and alerts.
- Asynchronous Telehealth: File sharing, outcome tracking, email, exercise videos.
Telepharmacy Services
- Remote dispensing: Automated dispensing systems with telecommunication technologies under pharmacist supervision.
- Medication Therapy Management (MTM): Comprehensive medication reviews, reconciliation, adherence support, and patient education.
- Patient counselling & education: Instructions on medication use, side effects, lifestyle modifications, and disease management.
- Chronic disease management: Remote health monitoring, medication adherence review, and therapy adjustments.
- Integration with Electronic Medical Records (EMR): Instant patient data access for timely clinical decisions.
Telehealth Setups
- Settings: Hospital hub, primary care clinic, outpatient clinic, community pharmacy.
- Case managers: Primary care physician, hypertension specialist, nurse, pharmacist.
- Communication: Desktop, laptop, smartphone, PDA, tablet, internet of medical things (IoMT), personal area network interface.
Benefits and Barriers to Telepharmacy
- Benefits: Improved clinical outcomes, convenience and accessibility, addressing geographic barriers.
- Barriers: Lack of long-term efficacy, interoperability issues, usability, infrastructural barriers, lack of reimbursement, regulatory/privacy concerns, digital divides, physicians’ inertia.
COVID-19 Impact
- The COVID-19 pandemic increased telehealth adoption, leading to higher numbers of telehealth services, assisted consultations, and direct consultations.
Successful Telehealth Implementations (Examples)
- Diabetes: Improved glycemic control in type 2 patients.
- Heart failure: Reduced mortality and hospital admissions.
- Chronic lung disease: Improved lung function and symptom reduction.
- Other conditions: Stroke, chronic kidney disease, overweight/obesity, arterial hypertension, etc.
eHealth Literacy
- Healthcare providers and patients have shown varying levels of eHealth literacy, with some lacking skills in appraising online information or correctly using mHealth apps.
Future Directions
- AI in telehealth will lead to personalized medication management, tailored treatment plans and minimizing adverse events.
- Telepharmacy expansion in rural areas will improve access to medication care.
Take-Home Points
- Telepharmacy is part of telehealth.
- Telepharmacy is effective in improving clinical benefits and access.
- E-Health literacy is important among patients and healthcare practitioners.
- AI plays an important role in the future of Telepharmacy.
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