Introduction to Survey Methods
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a pitfall to avoid when formulating a research question?

  • Posing research questions that cannot be answered
  • Collecting data and then thinking about your research question
  • Defining the method before the research question
  • Formulating a question based on observations (correct)

    • The most restricted procedure regarding ethics concerns in research is database registration.

    False

    What is a crucial aspect of a research question as per the guidelines?

    It should be based on a rigorous literature review.

    A consent form must include elements related to _____ and participants' informed consent.

    <p>ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the elements of ethical concerns in research with their descriptions:

    <p>Research and method concerns = Related to the rationale and method relevance Ethics concerns = Focus on participants and their informed consent Legal concerns = Involves informed consent and data handling Database registration = Ensures compliance with legal standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of consent is required from parents for minors to participate in research?

    <p>Active parental consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive parental consent is legal in France.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who must give informed consent in institutional research?

    <p>Participants or their legal guardian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participants' answers from individuals who did not provide ______ consent must be erased.

    <p>full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the consent method with its description:

    <p>Active parental consent = Requires a signature to allow participation Passive parental consent = Requires a signature to refuse participation Institutional research consent = Requires permission from an institutional guardian Informed consent = Acknowledgment of understanding risks and benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of secondary data collection?

    <p>Information rapidly becomes obsolete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generalizable data can be achieved through biased sampling.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one organization that offers access to empirical data.

    <p>World Values Survey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most critical step in survey research is defining the ________ and hypothesis.

    <p>research question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organizations with their corresponding websites:

    <p>World Values Survey = <a href="http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org">www.worldvaluessurvey.org</a> European Social Survey = <a href="http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org">www.europeansocialsurvey.org</a> Afrobarometer = <a href="http://www.afrobarometer.org">www.afrobarometer.org</a> ISCWeB = <a href="http://www.isciweb.org">www.isciweb.org</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step after data collection in survey research?

    <p>Data management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sampling error can be a drawback in surveys but can be corrected through appropriate methods.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one advantage of using secondary data in research.

    <p>Produces a large amount of data in a short time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a survey according to Presser (1984)?

    <p>To gather information from human respondents through a standardized questionnaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surveys are designed to provide a detailed analysis of specific individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two types of research methods mentioned for surveys?

    <p>Descriptive research and analytical studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surveys are well suited to __________ studies.

    <p>descriptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of survey research with their descriptions:

    <p>Descriptive research = Gather information about a phenomenon Analytical studies = Go beyond simple description Evaluation research = Assess impact of planned change Longitudinal studies = Track changes over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which disciplines are surveys commonly used?

    <p>Economics, psychology, sociology, and marketing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surveys attempt to control conditions and manipulate variables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method of survey research that allows researchers to gather data over a period of time?

    <p>Longitudinal studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a required component of a consent form for research participation?

    <p>Participant's social media profiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals must give their consent to the processing of their personal data under GDPR.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the potential risks that must be disclosed to participants in research?

    <p>Psychological distress or data breach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A key component of the consent form is the ______, which provides participants with necessary information.

    <p>letter of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of sensitive data with their corresponding examples:

    <p>Political orientation = Political party affiliation Religious beliefs = Church membership Health state = Chronic illness Sexual orientation = Same-sex attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a principle under the General Data Protection Regulation?

    <p>Purpose of data collection must be clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Participants can withdraw from the research without facing any consequences.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured regarding the anonymity of sensitive data?

    <p>Strict anonymity must be maintained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Survey Methods

    • Survey Definitions:

      • A survey is a standardized data collection process that gathers information from human respondents through questionnaires.
      • Surveys focus on gathering data from groups rather than individuals.
      • Surveys provide a snapshot of a situation at a specific time.
      • Surveys are suitable for descriptive, exploratory, and explanatory research, as well as for hypothesis testing.

    • Applications of Surveys:

      • Surveys are utilized extensively in social and behavioral sciences, government agencies, international organizations, and polling companies.
      • Disciplines that benefit from surveys include economics, psychology, sociology, and marketing.

    Research Question and Hypothesis

    • Guidelines for Research Questions:
      • Articulate a single, clear, and explicit research question.
      • Base the question on a comprehensive review of existing literature.
      • Ensure the question is based on observational or empirical data and offers new insights.
      • Avoid defining the method before formulating the research question.
      • Do not collect data before defining the research question.
      • Ensure the question is answerable and not a duplicate of existing research.

    • Ethical Considerations:

      • Surveys should be designed with ethical considerations in mind.
      • Primary concerns include:
        • The rationale and relevance of the study method (research and method concerns)
        • Informed consent of participants (ethics concerns)
        • Data acquisition, storage, and access (legal concerns)

    • Essential Components of a Consent Form:

      • Voluntary participation
      • Purpose of the research
      • Detailed description of procedures
      • Potential risks
      • Confidentiality (if applicable)
      • Anonymity (if applicable)
      • Potential benefits
      • Financial reimbursement, costs, and commercialization (if applicable)
      • Right to withdraw without consequences
      • Alternative participation options (if applicable)
      • Researcher contact information
      • Legal information about data acquisition, storage, access, and usage (if applicable)
      • Access to study results
      • IRB number (if applicable)

    • Data Privacy and GDPR:

      • The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) governs data protection in the European Union.
      • Individuals require explicit consent for processing their personal data.
      • GDPR requirements include:
        • Purpose of data collection
        • The organization collecting data
        • Duration of data storage
        • Access rights
        • Contact information
        • Data security measures

    • Consent Form with Minors:

      • Active parental or legal guardian consent is required.
      • Parents or guardians sign and return a form to indicate consent.
      • Passive consent, where parents only sign if they object, is not legal in France.

    Research in Institutional Settings

    • Informed Consent in Institutional Settings:
      • Permission from the responsible institutional guardian is necessary.
      • Participants or their legal guardians require informed consent.
      • Special considerations are required for institutionalized populations regarding the relevance of the study.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of survey methods, including definitions, applications, and guidelines for formulating research questions and hypotheses. Understand how surveys can be employed in various disciplines such as psychology and sociology.

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