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Questions and Answers
What is a primary requirement for students enrolled in the course Data Structure?
What can result from breaching academic integrity?
Which of the following statements about plagiarism is accurate?
What does the course pack specifically aim to cover in this module?
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What may administrative sanctions for breaches in academic integrity include?
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What should students use to submit their handwritten answers for Module 2?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for submitting answers?
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When is the deadline for receiving answers for Module 2?
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What is the proper format for student submissions?
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Which platform is NOT listed as a tool for blended learning in Module 2?
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What does the term LIFO stand for in relation to a stack?
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Which operation is used to add an item to the stack?
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Which real-world scenario best describes the usage of a stack?
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What is the primary characteristic of how items are accessed in a stack?
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Which of the following best describes the process of removing an item from a stack?
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How can multiple stacks be effectively stored using one-dimensional arrays?
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Which of the following is an application of stack data structures?
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What principle does a stack obey?
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What operation must be performed to retrieve an item from the top of a stack?
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Which of the following is NOT a basic operation of a stack?
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Which data structure can implement a stack?
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What happens when a function is called in relation to the run-time stack?
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In the context of stack memory management, what technique can lead to better memory utilization?
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What method is NOT mentioned as a memory reallocation technique for stacks?
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Which application is not typically associated with the use of stacks?
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What is the result of performing a pop operation on an empty stack?
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What happens when a stack is full and a new entity is pushed onto it?
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What operation would you use to see the value at the top of a stack without removing it?
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In a bounded stack implemented with an array, how is it determined if the stack is empty?
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What is the primary role of the function's activation record in a stack?
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Which operation would you perform to remove the top element from a stack?
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In which situation is a stack particularly useful?
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How is the size of a stack determined?
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What would you expect the output to be if the Pop() method is called on an empty stack?
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What advantage is there in letting position 0 be the bottom of the stack?
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When a function is called and interrupts its execution, what type of data structure is used to store the state?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Stacks
- Stacks are a linear data structure that follows the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle, meaning the last element added is the first one removed.
- Visualization: Think of a stack of plates where you can only add or remove plates from the top.
Stack Operations
- Push: Adds an element to the top of the stack.
- Pop: Removes the element from the top of the stack.
- Peek/Top: Returns the value of the top element without removing it.
- IsEmpty: Checks if the stack is empty.
- Size: Returns the number of elements in the stack.
Implementing a Stack Class
- Constructor: Initializes an empty stack.
- Empty(): Checks if the stack is empty (myTop == -1).
- Push(int x): Adds an element (x) to the top of the stack (myTop++). If the stack is full, it indicates an overflow.
- Top(): Returns the value at the top of the stack if it's not empty.
- Pop(): Removes the top element from the stack (myTop -= 1). If empty, it indicates an underflow.
Stack Applications
- Function Calls: Activation records (containing parameters, local variables, and return addresses) are stored on a run-time stack. This helps to manage function calls and returns in a LIFO order.
- Pattern Recognition: Stacks can be used to identify specific patterns within sequences of data.
- Expression Evaluation: Stacks are crucial for converting infix expressions to postfix expressions and evaluating them.
- Tree Traversal: Stacks are used in algorithms for traversing tree data structures.
Multiple Stacks in One Array
- By carefully allocating memory, you can efficiently store and manage multiple stacks within a single one-dimensional array.
- This helps optimize memory usage and avoids fragmentation.
Run-Time Stack
- The run-time stack is used by the operating system to manage function calls and program execution.
- When a function is called, its activation record is pushed onto the stack, and the control is passed to the function's entry point.
- When a function returns, its activation record is popped from the stack, and control resumes from the point where it was interrupted.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of stacks, a linear data structure that operates on the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle. It includes key operations like push, pop, and peek, as well as implementation techniques for a stack class. Test your understanding of these concepts and their applications.
