Questions and Answers
What does LIFO stand for?
A stack can be defined as a structure where insertion and deletion can occur from both ends.
False
What happens when a stack is full during a push operation?
An overflow condition occurs.
What is the operation called when we delete an element from a stack?
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What does the 'isEmpty' operation check?
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Which data structures can be used to implement a stack?
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In a stack, the element that is added first will be removed ___ last.
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What does the 'peek' operation do?
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What condition occurs when trying to pop from an empty stack?
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A stack is always a fixed size data structure.
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Study Notes
Stack Overview
- A stack is a linear data structure that allows elements to be added or removed in a specific order.
- Follows LIFO (Last In, First Out) or FILO (First In, Last Out) order.
- Only the top element can be accessed for removal.
Characteristics of Stacks
- Behaves like a real-world stack, such as a pile of books.
- Abstract data type with a defined capacity, meaning it has a limited size.
- Inserting and deleting elements follow the LIFO or FILO order.
Working of Stacks
- Elements are added from the bottom to the top; removal occurs only from the top.
- If the stack size is reached, it becomes "full".
- The first element added will be the last to be removed.
Implementation
- Can be implemented using arrays or linked lists.
- Arrays provide fast access but have a maximum size; linked lists are dynamic in size.
Standard Stack Operations
- push(): Adds an element to the top; if the stack is full, an overflow condition arises.
- pop(): Removes the top element; if empty, an underflow state occurs.
- isEmpty(): Checks if the stack is empty.
- isFull(): Checks if the stack has reached its capacity.
- peek(): Retrieves the element at the top without removing it.
- count(): Returns the number of elements in the stack.
- change(): Modifies an element at a designated position.
- display(): Outputs all elements in the stack.
PUSH Operation Steps
- Check if the stack is full before inserting an element.
- If full, an overflow error is raised.
- Initialized by setting the top value to -1 to indicate an empty stack.
- Increment the top value when adding an element and place the new element at this position.
POP Operation Steps
- Check if the stack is empty before deletion.
- If empty, an underflow error occurs.
- Access the top element if the stack has elements.
- After removal, decrement the top value to reflect the deletion.
Example Code Structure
- Program structure includes header files and defines a maximum size for the stack (e.g.,
#define max 5). - Basic operations like push, pop, and display are implemented in the program.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the concepts of Stack as a linear data structure. It covers the characteristics of Stack, including the LIFO (Last In First Out) principle. Understanding how Stack operates is essential for implementing various algorithms and data manipulation techniques.
