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Questions and Answers
What does LIFO stand for in the context of a stack?
Last In, First Out
What does FILO stand for in stack operations?
First In, Last Out
Which of the following are applications of stack data structures? (Select all that apply)
What is the purpose of the Stack Pointer (SP)?
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Stack overflow occurs when attempting to remove elements from an empty stack.
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What condition occurs when attempting to remove an element from an empty stack?
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Which operation is used to insert an element in a stack?
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What is the initial value of 'top' when a stack is empty?
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In the POP operation, what happens if the stack is not empty?
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What programming language is used in the example code for stack operations?
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Study Notes
Stack Data Structure
- A linear data structure where operations are performed in a specific order.
- Follows LIFO (Last In First Out) or FILO (First In Last Out) principles.
- LIFO implies the last inserted element is the first to be removed.
- FILO implies the first inserted element is the last to be removed.
Applications of Stack Data Structures
- Recursion: Used to manage function calls and return values.
- Expression Evaluation and Parsing: Used to convert infix expressions to postfix or prefix forms.
- Depth-First Search (DFS): Used to explore a graph or tree by traversing in a depth-first manner.
- Undo/Redo Operations: Used to implement undo and redo functionality in editors and other software.
- Browser History: Stores the history of visited web pages.
- Function Calls: Used to manage the flow of function calls and their related data.
Stack Representation in Memory
- Stored as a sequence of elements in a dedicated region called Stack Memory.
- A special pointer called Stack Pointer (SP) tracks the top element.
- Push operation adds a new element to the top, moving the SP upwards.
- Pop operation removes the top element, moving the SP downwards.
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Memory Management:
- A designated memory region known as the Stack Segment is used for storage.
- Stack size can be dynamic or fixed depending on the system and program.
Common Stack Operations
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push(): Inserts an element into the stack.
- If the stack is full, an overflow condition occurs.
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pop(): Removes the top element from the stack.
- If the stack is empty, an underflow condition occurs.
- isEmpty(): Checks if the stack is empty.
- isFull(): Checks if the stack is full.
- peek(): Returns the element at a specific position.
- count(): Returns the number of elements in the stack.
- change(): Modifies the element at a specified position.
- display(): Prints all elements in the stack.
PUSH Operation
- Checks if the stack is full before inserting an element.
- If full, causes an overflow condition.
- Initializes the stack pointer (top) to -1 indicating an empty stack.
- Increments the stack pointer (top) by 1 before adding the element.
- Places the element at the new top location.
- Continues adding elements until reaching the maximum stack size.
POP Operation
- Checks if the stack is empty before removing an element.
- If empty, causes an underflow condition.
- Accesses the element pointed by the top pointer.
- Decrements the stack pointer (top) by 1 after removing the element.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of stack data structures, including their LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle and various applications. This quiz will help you understand how stacks are utilized in recursion, expression evaluation, and more. Dive into the real-world applications and representation of stacks in memory.
