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Questions and Answers
What is a stack?
What is a stack?
A linear data structure that holds a linear, ordered sequence of elements and works on the LIFO (Last in First Out) principle.
Which of the following defines the LIFO process?
Which of the following defines the LIFO process?
- Last out First In
- First out Last In
- Last in First Out (correct)
- First in Last Out
What is the function of IsEmpty in a stack?
What is the function of IsEmpty in a stack?
It checks if the stack has no elements.
What occurs during the PUSH operation in a stack?
What occurs during the PUSH operation in a stack?
What does the PEEK operation do?
What does the PEEK operation do?
The stack has a size limit when using CPU registers.
The stack has a size limit when using CPU registers.
What is Stack Underflow?
What is Stack Underflow?
What is the main difference between a Register Stack and a Memory Stack?
What is the main difference between a Register Stack and a Memory Stack?
What is a function call stack?
What is a function call stack?
The Stack Pointer points to the ______ of the stack.
The Stack Pointer points to the ______ of the stack.
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Study Notes
Stack Data Structure
- A stack is a linear data structure that stores elements in a specific order, following the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle.
- Insertion and deletion of elements are allowed only at the top of the stack.
- Stacks can be implemented using various data structures like arrays, linked lists.
Types of Stacks
- Register Stack: Uses CPU registers for storage, offering fast access but limited size.
- Memory Stack: Uses main memory (RAM), enabling larger stack size but with slower access speeds.
Stack Terminologies
- IsEmpty: Checks if the stack is empty.
- IsFull: Checks if the stack has reached its maximum capacity.
- Top: Points to the most recently added element in the stack.
- Size: The maximum number of elements the stack can hold.
- Underflow: Error that occurs when attempting to remove an element from an empty stack.
- Overflow: Error that occurs when attempting to add an element to a full stack.
- Null: Represents an empty stack.
- Max-1: Represents a full stack.
Stack Operations
- PUSH: Inserts a new element at the top of the stack (LIFO).
- POP: Removes the topmost element from the stack.
- PEEK: Returns the value of the topmost element without removing it.
Stack Applications
- Function Call Stack: Used to manage function calls by storing information like local variables, parameters, and return addresses.
- The call stack works based on the LIFO principle:
- When a function is called, its frame is pushed onto the stack.
- When a function returns, its frame is popped off the stack.
- This allows for efficient function execution and handling of nested function calls.
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