Introduction to Social and Primary Health Care
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the roles of the Ministry of Education in the context of Primary Health Care?

  • Educating about health in schools (correct)
  • Managing food supply
  • Conducting vaccinations
  • Installing public works

    • Community members, including religious leaders and teachers, are not considered personnel for Primary Health Care.

    False

    Name one preventive service included in the elements of Primary Health Care.

    Immunization of children

    The decrease in infant mortality rates is one of the health gains since the introduction of _______.

    <p>Primary Health Care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of multi-sectorial collaboration?

    <p>Cooperation across various sectors like agriculture and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following personnel roles with their respective categories in Primary Health Care:

    <p>Physician = Medical personnel Nurse midwife = Paramedical personnel Social worker = Health related personnel Teacher = Community members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health education is a component of curative services in Primary Health Care.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that contributes to healthcare accessibility?

    <p>Education level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the overall goal of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

    <p>To ensure the highest possible level of health for all individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Community participation is essential for the effective implementation of Primary Health Care.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of health focus on beyond the absence of disease?

    <p>Complete physical, mental and social wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Declaration of Alma Ata was established in the year ______.

    <p>1978</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following principles of Primary Health Care with their descriptions:

    <p>Equity = Fair distribution of health services Accessibility = Health services available to all Community Participation = Engagement of individuals in health decisions Comprehensiveness = Includes preventive and curative services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered an aspect of accessibility in health services?

    <p>Quality of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The comprehensive nature of Primary Health Care includes palliative care.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of health education and awareness in primary health care?

    <p>To empower individuals and communities to make informed health decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Tertiary level in the Public Health Pyramid?

    <p>Restorative interventions for disease progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Equity in health services means providing universal access to health services regardless of differences among populations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two methods to ensure equity in health services?

    <p>Increase health centers and disperse services to remote areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extent to which people consider a healthcare intervention appropriate based on their responses is known as __________.

    <p>acceptability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of Primary Health Care?

    <p>Profitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increasing the number of health centers is an effective way to improve accessibility in health services.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does community participation play in healthcare?

    <p>It involves community members in health decisions and interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Social and Primary Health Care Services

    • The presentation is about social and primary health care services.
    • The presenter is Nour Nabil Abd-Alqader from the College of Pharmacy, Jerash University in Jordan.
    • The presentation focuses on public health.

    Defining Health

    • Health is more than just the absence of disease; it's a state of complete physiological, psychological, and social well-being.

    Defining Public Health

    • Public health is the effort to prevent disease, increase lifespan, and promote health within society through organized approaches.

    Table of Contents

    • The presentation covers the concept of primary health care (PHC).
    • It includes the components and principles of PHC.
    • A section on referral in PHC.
    • Finally, there is a detailed explanation of health care services for PHC in Jordan.

    Concept of PHC

    • PHC is based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technologies.
    • PHC should be accessible to all individuals and families in the community.
    • The community and country should be able to afford PHC to maintain health development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination.

    Key Principles of PHC

    • Equity: Ensuring health services are available to everyone regardless of socio-economic factors.
      • This requires community participation in planning and implementing health care.
      • It means investing more resources in areas with the most needs.
    • Acceptability: Interventions must be acceptable and appropriate to the local culture and beliefs.
    • Accessibility: Services should be reasonably available and affordable to the population.
      • Physical accessibility addresses the location and opening hours of services.
      • Economic accessibility accounts for financial and opportunity costs.
      • Informational accessibility covers access to information concerning health.
    • Appropriate Technology: Using and adapting to practical and appropriate technologies relevant to local needs.

    Ensuring Equity in PHC

    • Increasing the number of health centers to cover the entire population.
    • Spreading services to remote rural areas and under-served urban communities.
    • Enhancing transportation mediums.
    • Identifying vulnerable groups and reaching them with specialized services.

    Acceptability

    • Acceptability relates to how well people perceive healthcare interventions.
    • It considers their cognitive and emotional responses.
    • Acceptability can be influenced by various factors such as political, economic and cultural sensitivities.

    Accessibility

    • Physical accessibility focuses on reaching locations and appropriate opening hours.
    • Economic accessibility factors in affordability for services.
    • Informational accessibility involves providing individuals with the right to information about health issues.

    Community Participation

    • Community participation is crucial in PHC.
    • It involves individuals, families, and communities in promoting health and wellbeing.
    • Community involvement is necessary for planning, implementing and maintaining PHC.
    • Community participation ensures the supply of resources to cover PHC activity (equipment, drugs, aids).
    • Community can participate in prevention of diseases (communicable and non-communicable), alongside appropriate use of health services.

    Benefits of Community Participation

    • People are more likely to accept preventive health care.
    • Health awareness is improved within the community.
    • Participation alleviates the burden on the government in providing support for health care workers.

    Appropriate Technology

    • Appropriate technology must be adaptable to the needs of the community.
    • Technologies must be scientifically sound and affordable for maintenance by the community.

    Examples of Appropriate Technology

    • Educating the population on safe water measures (boiling).
    • Providing ORS instead of IV fluids in emergencies.
    • Supporting breastfeeding practices to improve spacing between pregnancies.

    Multisectoral Collaboration

    • Collaboration between the health sector and other related sectors will significantly impact national and community development.
    • Collaboration will address education, agriculture, food, industry, housing, communication, and public works.
    • Planning at the national level needs to include all sectors.

    Multi-sector collaboration: Examples

    • Ministry of Education in schools of health.
    • Social sector in controlling social factors related to health issues (e.g., divorce, violence, and unemployment).
    • Ministry of Agriculture to improve food production.

    Team Approach in PHC

    • PHC involves a multidisciplinary approach to health care, including medical, paramedical, and non-medical professionals.
    • Team work brings together various expertise and skills to deliver comprehensive services to individuals, families, and the community.

    Who Provides PHC?

    • Medical personnel (doctors, dentists)
    • Paramedical personnel (nurses, midwives)
    • Health technicians
    • Health professionals from related sectors (social workers, sanitarians, food inspectors)
    • Community members (religious, school leaders, educators).

    Elements of PHC / Preventive

    • Health education to prevent and control diseases.
    • Promoting appropriate food and nutrition.
    • Providing maternal and child health services.
    • Immunizing children.
    • Maintaining environmental sanitation.
    • Preventing and controlling locally endemic diseases.

    Elements of PHC / Curative

    • Treating common diseases and injuries.
    • Providing essential drugs.

    Elements of PHC/ Specific Examples

    • Education: about prevailing health problems
    • Prevention of endemic diseases
    • Essential drugs
    • Maternal and child health care (e.g., family planning)
    • Expanded immunization
    • Food supply and nutrition
    • Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries
    • Safe water and sanitation

    Health Gains from PHC

    • Reduced infant and under-five mortality.
    • Improved life expectancy for males and females.
    • Increased vaccination coverage.
    • Slight improvement in environmental conditions.

    Conclusion

    • The presentation is ongoing.

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    Social and Primary Health Care Services PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of social and primary health care services, highlighting the importance of public health. The material discusses the definition of health, the principles of primary health care (PHC), and its application in Jordan. Dive deeper into the components and referral processes related to PHC.

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