Introduction to Primary Health Care Services

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Questions and Answers

What does the tertiary level of the Public Health Pyramid primarily focus on?

Interrupting negative health behaviors

Education and awareness campaigns

Preventing diseases before they occur

Restorative and intensive interventions (correct)

Which principle ensures that health services are available to those in remote or underserved areas?

Multi-sectorial approach

Equity (correct)

Acceptability

Community participation

What is the main goal of primary interventions in the Public Health Pyramid?

Providing intensive medical care

Alleviating existing health problems

Educating the entire population (correct)

Preventing escalation of health issues

How is equity defined in the context of public health?

Absence of avoidable differences among groups Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would promote equity in public health services?

Improving transportation means to reach remote areas Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the acceptability of a healthcare intervention?

Cognitive and emotional responses to the intervention Signup and view all the answers

Which group is typically given higher priority in health resource distribution?

Higher risk groups Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of improving health equity in public health care?

Outreach services targeting vulnerable groups Signup and view all the answers

What does economic accessibility primarily measure?

The ability to pay for health services without financial hardship Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not considered part of physical accessibility?

Price of health services Signup and view all the answers

One benefit of community participation in health care is that it tends to:

Increase health awareness among the population Signup and view all the answers

Appropriate technology should be characterized by which of the following attributes?

Scientifically sound and adaptable to local needs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of appropriate technology in health care?

Educating mothers to boil water for children Signup and view all the answers

Which definition describes health most accurately?

Complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing Signup and view all the answers

What does informational accessibility allow individuals to do?

Receive information on health issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of public health?

To prolong life, prevent diseases, and promote health Signup and view all the answers

How can community participation decrease the burden on government health services?

By providing additional resources for health promotion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is essential for achieving primary health care coverage?

Involvement of communities in planning and implementation Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential characteristic of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

Comprehensive including preventive, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care Signup and view all the answers

The Declaration of Alma Ata emphasizes which key principle for health care?

Health services should be universally accessible Signup and view all the answers

According to the Declaration of Astana, what does PHC aim to achieve?

The highest level of health and equitable distribution Signup and view all the answers

What role does community participation play in PHC?

It is crucial for ensuring accessibility and affordability Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of life does PHC's inherent care begin according to the provided content?

From intrauterine life Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT an attribute of Primary Health Care?

It excludes preventive health services Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of multi-sectorial collaboration in health?

Involving various sectors to address social determinants of health. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an element of preventive primary health care (PHC)?

Treatment of chronic diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Ministry of Agriculture play in primary health care?

Ensuring adequate food production. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of personnel is included in the primary healthcare (PHC) team?

A variety of medical, paramedical, and non-medical personnel. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health gains is associated with the introduction of primary health care?

Decreased infant and under-five mortality rates. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT considered a preventive measure in primary health care?

Provision of adequate drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of health education in preventive primary health care?

To inform and empower individuals about health issues. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of primary health care, who plays a role in controlling social determinants of health?

Ministries of various sectors, including social services. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The presentation is on Social and Primary Health Care Services, a topic within Public Health
The presenter is Nour Nabil Abd-Alqader from Jerash University's College of Pharmacy
The topic covers various concepts related to Primary Health Care (PHC).

Defining Health and Public Health

Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Public Health: The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts of society

The presentation includes sections on
- Concept of PHC
- Components and elements of PHC
- Referral in PHC
- Health care services for PHC in Jordan

Concept of PHC

Essential health care, practical and scientifically sound, socially acceptable, accessible to individuals and families in the community.
Cost-effective, maintaining development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination.
A whole-of-society approach, aiming for the highest level of health and well-being, and their equitable distribution, focusing on people's needs early on, from health promotion to treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care, as close to people's everyday life as possible.

Essential Elements of PHC

Meets actual community health needs.
Comprehensive, including preventive, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care.
Continuous, covering the population from womb to the end of life.

Public Health Pyramid

Categorizes interventions to address health issues at different levels.
Tertiary: Restorative, intensive interventions.
Secondary: Interruptions of negative health behaviors (early interventions)
Primary (Universal): Education and awareness campaigns.

Components of Primary Health Care

Integrated Health Services: Comprehensive services throughout the life course, focusing on individuals and families.
Multisectoral Policy and Action: Addressing social, economic, and environmental determinants of health.
Empowered People and Communities: Empowering individuals, families, communities to advocate for health policies, and develop health/social services.

Principles of PHC

Equity: Community participation, and universal accessibility.
Acceptability: Interventions' appropriateness.
Accessibility: Physical, economic, and informational.
Appropriate Technology: Locally needed, adaptable, and maintainable.

Defining Equity in PHC

Equity is the absence of avoidable differences among groups, defined by social, economic, demographic or geographic factors.
Equitable PHC means universal access to services without differences for risk groups getting priority.

Ensuring Equity in PHC

Increase the number of health centers to cover the population.
Disperse services into remote and underserved areas.
Improve transportation access.
Determine who is served and identify vulnerable groups needing outreach services.

Acceptability in PHC

Extent to which people delivering or receiving a healthcare intervention consider it appropriate, considering anticipated or experienced cognitive and emotional responses.
Could be influenced by political, economic, and cultural factors (social).

Accessibility in PHC

Physical Accessibility: Availability of services within reach, opening hours, and appointment systems.
Economic Accessibility (Affordability): People's ability to pay without hardship. It includes price, transportation, and opportunity costs, influenced by the health financing system and household income.
Informational Accessibility: Right to seek, receive, and impart information on health issues while ensuring personal health data is confidential.

Community Participation in PHC

Essential for PHC coverage.
Encouraging individuals, families, and community in the promotion of their own health and welfare.

Community Participation in PHC: Practicalities

Providing financial support for PHC programs and activities.
Adopting healthy practices prevent and manage diseases.
Approprate utilization of and access to services (maternity, child care, reporting births/deaths).

Benefits of Community Participation in PHC

Increased acceptance of preventive care.
Improved health awareness in the population.
Reduced burden on government resources.
Support to health care workers.

Appropriate Technology in PHC

Technology that is scientifically valid, able to adapt to local needs, and affordable.
Examples include simple water safety measures for vulnerable age groups, ORS for dehydration, and breastfeeding support.

Multisectoral Collaboration in PHC

Collaboration among health sectors and other relevant sectors for national and community development.
Education, agriculture, food, industry, housing, public works, and communication sectors are involved.
Requires country-level planning and cooperation.

Multisectoral Collaboration Examples

Ministry of Education: health education in schools.
Social sector: controlling social determinants causing health problems.
Ministry of Agriculture: food production.

Team Approach to PHC

Necessitates a variety of personnel beyond medical specialists (e.g., paramedical & non-medical personnel)
Working together, individuals with varying levels of knowledge, experience and skills to deliver comprehensive services.

Who Provides Primary Health Care (PHC)?

Medical personnel (doctors, dentists)
Paramedical personnel (nurses, midwives)
Health professionals (health visitors, technicians)
Health-related personnel in catchment area (social workers, sanitarians).
Community members (religious leaders, teachers).

Elements of PHC: Preventive

Health education to prevent health problems, along with preventive and control measures
Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
Comprehensive maternal and child health services.
Immunizations and environmental sanitation.
Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.

Elements of PHC: Curative

Treating common diseases and injuries.
Providing adequate drugs.

Elements of PHC (Additional List)

Education about prevailing health issues and prevention methods.
Prevention of locally endemic diseases.
Essential drug provision.
Maternal and child health (including family planning).
Expanded immunizations against major infectious diseases.
Promoting food supply and proper nutrition.
Appropriate treatment for common illnesses.
Safe water and basic sanitation.

Health Gains from PHC Introduction

Decreased infant and under-five mortality.
Increased life expectancy for males and females.
Increased vaccination coverage.
Improved environmental conditions.

Conclusion

The presentation provides a comprehensive overview of Primary Health Care (PHC) along with its aspects, components, and practicalities.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts surrounding Social and Primary Health Care Services, highlighting key aspects of Public Health. It covers definitions, components, and the importance of accessible health care in the community, particularly in Jordan. Test your knowledge on these essential health care principles!