Introduction to Skeletal System and Bone Remodeling
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Introduction to Skeletal System and Bone Remodeling

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Questions and Answers

Which medical specialist focuses on the problems related to joints and orthopedic surgery?

  • Rheumatologist
  • Dentist
  • Radiologist
  • Orthopedist (correct)

    • What function of bones involves attaching muscles to allow body movement?

  • Locomotion
  • Support (correct)
  • Protection
  • Sound transmission

    • Which part of the body is protected by the ribs?

  • Heart and lungs (correct)
  • Stomach
  • Spine
  • Brain

    • What role do bones play in chemical storage within the body?

    <p>Chemical bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ossicles located in the middle ear?

    <p>Sound transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical professional utilizes x-ray images to diagnose issues with bone structures?

    <p>Radiologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bones contribute to nourishment in the body?

    <p>By cutting and grinding food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the bone remodeling cycle?

    <p>It is a constant process throughout life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone forms the major parts of long bones such as the arms and legs?

    <p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone contains a high amount of calcium?

    <p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of trabecular bone?

    <p>Acts as a buffer for compact bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones typically has spaces between lamellae?

    <p>Trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for a wide range of motion?

    <p>Movable joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone primarily contains red bone marrow?

    <p>Trabecular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when cartilage wears away?

    <p>Pain and movement problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skeletal component connects muscles to bones?

    <p>Tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone remodeling?

    <p>To destroy old bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts change after the age of 35 to 40?

    <p>Osteoclast activity increases beyond that of osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers is the tough membrane that covers and protects the outside of the bone?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes osteoporosis, particularly in older women?

    <p>Greater activity of osteoclasts than osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of compact bone in the skeletal system?

    <p>To provide structural support and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone layer contains small holes called pores to store marrow?

    <p>Spongy bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts in a young body?

    <p>Osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are present in the adult human skeleton?

    <p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the weight of solid bone is made up by the organic fraction?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of bone is primarily responsible for its flexibility?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major mineral is believed to primarily compose the inorganic component of bone?

    <p>Calcium hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate volume percentage of bone minerals in the total bone composition?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element constitutes the largest percentage of compact bone?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When collagen is removed from the bone, what is the resultant condition of the remaining bone?

    <p>Brittle and crushable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property allows bones to absorb X-rays more effectively than surrounding soft tissues?

    <p>Heavier atomic structure of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total percentage of miscellaneous elements in compact bone composition?

    <p>0.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Skeletal System

    • Medical professionals dealing with bone issues include: Dentists, Orthopedists, Rheumatologists, Radiologists, Physicists and Engineers.
    • Functions of Bones:
      • Support: Bones provide the framework for the body and allow for movement.
      • Locomotion: Joints enable the movement of bones relative to each other.
      • Protection: Bones protect vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs
      • Chemical Storage: Bones store calcium for use throughout the body.
      • Nourishment: Teeth aid in processing food for the body.
      • Sound Transmission: The ossicles in the middle ear transfer sound vibrations.

    Bone Remodeling

    • Bone is a living tissue and undergoes a continuous process of breakdown and rebuilding called bone remodeling.
    • Osteoclasts: Cells that break down bone tissue.
    • Osteoblasts: Cells that build new bone tissue.
    • Osteoporosis: A condition where bone density decreases, making bones more brittle. This occurs when osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts.
    • Bone Remodeling Cycle in Figure 1.1.

    Skeletal System Parts

    • Bones: The main component of the skeletal system providing structure. 206 bones in an adult human skeleton.
    • Bone Layers:
      • Periosteum: Outer membrane that covers and protects bone.
      • Compact Bone: The hard, smooth outer layer providing structural support and protection.
      • Spongy Bone: The inner, porous layer containing bone marrow.
    • Compact Bone and Trabecular Bone:
      • Compact Bone: Makes up the shaft of long bones (arms and legs)
      • Trabecular Bone: Makes up the ends of long bones (wrists and ankles)
      • Table 1.1: Detailed comparison of Compact and Trabecular bone.

    Other Components of the Skeletal System

    • Cartilage: Smooth and flexible tissue that cushions bone joints reducing friction.
    • Ligaments: Strong connective tissues that connect bones together.
    • Tendons: Connect muscles to bones.
    • Joints: Places where bones meet, categorized as:
      • Immovable Joints: No movement (skull bones).
      • Partly Movable Joints: Limited movement (rib cage).
      • Movable Joints: Wide range of motion (elbows, shoulders, and knees.)

    What Bones are Made Of

    • Bones are primarily composed of Calcium, which absorbs x-rays more readily than soft tissue explaining why x-rays show bones well (Figure 1.3).
    • Organic Fraction: 40% of bone weight and 60% of volume, mainly collagen.
    • Inorganic Fraction: (Bone Mineral) 60% of bone weight and 40% of volume, mostly Calcium Hydroxyapatite.
    • Table 1.2: Chemical Composition of Compact Bone.
    • Collagen provides flexibility and Bone Mineral provides strength.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts of the skeletal system, including the functions of bones and the importance of bone remodeling. Explore the roles of different medical professionals and the processes of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in maintaining bone health. Test your knowledge on osteoporosis and overall skeletal system functions.

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