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Questions and Answers
In the context of chemical bonding, which of these best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
In the context of chemical bonding, which of these best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
- Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.
- Covalent bonds occur between two atoms with similar electronegativity, while ionic bonds occur between two atoms with significantly different electronegativity.
- Covalent bonds result in molecules with no overall charge, while ionic bonds result in molecules with an overall charge.
- All of the above statements accurately describe the difference between covalent and ionic bonds. (correct)
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about water's unique properties?
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about water's unique properties?
- Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds contributes to its high boiling point, allowing it to exist as a liquid over a wide range of temperatures.
- Water's density as a solid is less than its density as a liquid, which enables ice to float and allows for life beneath frozen surfaces.
- Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds makes it a good solvent for both polar and non-polar molecules. (correct)
- Water's high specific heat allows it to moderate temperature changes, making it a stable environment for aquatic life.
What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?
What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?
- Enzymes store genetic information and control the production of proteins.
- Enzymes transport molecules across cell membranes.
- Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required. (correct)
- Enzymes provide energy for chemical reactions to occur.
Based on the information provided, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
Based on the information provided, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in the context of carbohydrates?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in the context of carbohydrates?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?
Considering the information provided, which of the following statements best describes the process of inductive reasoning?
Considering the information provided, which of the following statements best describes the process of inductive reasoning?
Which of the following is the most likely to be a direct result of a change in the shape of an enzyme's active site?
Which of the following is the most likely to be a direct result of a change in the shape of an enzyme's active site?
According to the information provided regarding the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which of the following statements is true?
According to the information provided regarding the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which of the following statements is true?
Flashcards
Scientific Thinking Process
Scientific Thinking Process
Steps include observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, and conclusion.
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Starts with supplied information to draw specific conclusions.
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Begins with specific observations to form a general principle.
Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds
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Ionic Bonds
Ionic Bonds
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Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
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Water's High Specific Heat
Water's High Specific Heat
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Enzymes
Enzymes
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Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Rough ER
Rough ER
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Study Notes
Scientific Method
- The steps of the scientific method are observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, and conclusion.
- Deductive reasoning uses supplied information to draw conclusions.
- Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and seeks a general principle.
Matter and Atoms
- Elements are substances that cannot be broken down chemically.
- Atoms are the smallest units of matter that cannot be divided without losing their essential parts.
- Electrons orbit the nucleus.
- The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons.
- Positive charges attract negative charges.
Chemical Bonds
- Covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons, creating no charge.
- Ionic bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, creating charged ions (atoms).
- Hydrogen bonds involve a slightly positive hydrogen atom attracted to a negatively charged atom, creating weak bonds.
Water
- Water has a high specific heat, stabilizing aquatic environments and moderating temperature changes.
- Water's pH affects its acidity or basicity. Greater than 7 is basic, less than 7 is acidic.
- Ice floats because of its unique structure, allowing life to persist in aquatic environments.
- Water is a universal solvent.
- Water is a polar molecule, meaning it has slightly charged atoms.
Molecules and Carbohydrates
- Monomers are the basic units of larger molecules.
- The simple monosaccharides for carbohydrates are glucose.
- Energy is stored in bonds within molecules such as carbohydrates and lipids.
Lipids
- Lipids are long hydrocarbon chains.
- Energy is stored in lipid bonds.
Cells
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells contain them.
- Bacteria are prokaryotic.
- Protists are eukaryotic.
- Cells are the basic unit of life. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Enzymes
- Substrates bind to enzymes at the active site.
- Enzyme shape change facilitates the reaction.
- Enzymes are specific, so reactions occur quickly and efficiently.
Transport
- Facilitated diffusion moves large, charged molecules across a membrane.
- Active transport requires energy to move substances against a concentration gradient.
- Transport proteins create channels to help facilitate movement.
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