Introduction to Scientific Method and Chemistry

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Questions and Answers

In the context of chemical bonding, which of these best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

Covalent bonds occur between two atoms with similar electronegativity, while ionic bonds occur between two atoms with significantly different electronegativity.

Covalent bonds result in molecules with no overall charge, while ionic bonds result in molecules with an overall charge.

All of the above statements accurately describe the difference between covalent and ionic bonds. (correct)

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about water's unique properties?

Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds contributes to its high boiling point, allowing it to exist as a liquid over a wide range of temperatures.

Water's density as a solid is less than its density as a liquid, which enables ice to float and allows for life beneath frozen surfaces.

Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds makes it a good solvent for both polar and non-polar molecules. (correct)

Water's high specific heat allows it to moderate temperature changes, making it a stable environment for aquatic life.

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

Enzymes store genetic information and control the production of proteins.

Enzymes transport molecules across cell membranes.

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required. (correct)

Enzymes provide energy for chemical reactions to occur.

Based on the information provided, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

Facilitated diffusion is a form of active transport, requiring the expenditure of cellular energy. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a eukaryotic cell?

The rough ER serves as the primary site for protein synthesis and modification. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in the context of carbohydrates?

Monomers are simple sugars like glucose, while polymers are complex carbohydrates like starch and cellulose. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?

The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the cell and provides support for organelles. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the information provided, which of the following statements best describes the process of inductive reasoning?

Inductive reasoning starts with a specific observation and seeks to develop a general principle. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most likely to be a direct result of a change in the shape of an enzyme's active site?

The enzyme will catalyze a different chemical reaction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided regarding the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which of the following statements is true?

Prokaryotes lack a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Scientific Thinking Process

Steps include observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, and conclusion.

Deductive Reasoning

Starts with supplied information to draw specific conclusions.