Test Review PDF

What the fuck was I doing on that exam... here's some more study material 1. The steps of the scientific thinking process are observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, and conclusion. 2. Deductive reasoning begins with supplied information and draws conclusions based on that speci...

What the fuck was I doing on that exam... here's some more study material 1. The steps of the scientific thinking process are observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, and conclusion. 2. Deductive reasoning begins with supplied information and draws conclusions based on that specific data 3. Inductive reasoning begins with specific observations and the seeks to generate a general principle 4. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down chemically into any other substance 5. An atom is matter that cannot be divided without losing their essential parts 6. Electrons seek an outer filled orbit 7. Nucleus is made up of proteins and neutrons. Positive charges attract electrons as they orbit 8. Covalent bonds are an equal sharing of electrons. Have no charge and strong bonds 9. Ionic bonds: unequal sharing of electrons. Ions are charged atoms. Molecule has no charge. Strong bonds 10. Hydrogen bonds: A H atom is attracted to a negative charge. H is slightly positive charged and attracted to partial negative charges. Polar: the atoms in the molecules are slightly charged. Hydrogen bonds are weak 11. Water's high specific heat is important because it keeps aquatic environments stable, it can cool animals and plants when evaporating, and the weather near water is less extreme 12. More than 7 PH means basic, less than 7 PH means acidic 13. Ice floats allowing life to continue under the surface 14. Water is a universal solvent that can dissolve polar and non polar molecules 15. Water is a polar molecule 16. Oxygen is attracted to the hydrogen molecule's positive charge 17. The model on the exam is dehydration, monomers are the two hexagons at the top 18. The monomer/simple monosaccharides for carbohydrates are glucose 19. In lipids, energy is stored in bonds 20. Lipids are long hydrocarbon chains 21. Enzymes only have one substrate 22. A substrate is a molecule that binds to the enzyme like the reactants in a chemical reaction 23. Shape change (induced fit) causes chemical reaction and final product 24. Binding only occurs at the active state 25. The cytoplasm has no genetic material 26. Facilitated diffusion is the movement of large and/or charged molecules 27. Diffusion is the movement of solutes 28. Movement of a large positively charged molecule across the phospholipid bilayer would be facilitated diffusion 29. Rough ER makes proteins 30. Protists are not prokaryotic, they are eukaryotic 31. Bacteria cells are prokaryotic 32. Cell theory = all living things are made up of cells, cells are all made from other cells, the cells are the basic structure and functional unit of all living things 33. For the meal, draw a chicken (proteins) and some whole grain buttered bread 34. Active transport costs energy 35. Prokaryotes don't have organelles 36. Transport proteins that form channels through the phospholipid bilayer are present in the cell membrane 37. Nucleus contain genetic material 38. Facilitated diffusion relies on the help of a channel or carrier protein to move molecules down the concentration gradient