Introduction to Science, Technology and Society Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two basic needs that science and technology aim to satisfy?

The need for social status and recognition

The thirst for knowledge and the material requirements for human survival and prosperity (correct)

The need for creativity and exploration

The need for power and control

Which of the following is NOT associated with science as a process?

Laws and principles

Description of phenomena

Profit-making activities (correct)

Generation of verifiable theories

According to Louis Pasteur, where does knowledge belong?

To those who can afford it

To all countries equally

Exclusively to scientists

To humanity and it is the torch which illuminates the world (correct)

What do science and technology engage in to satisfy human needs?

Innovative problem-solving Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome of the chapter?

Define the importance of scientific research Signup and view all the answers

What are the usual activities associated with science as a process?

Research and development Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of research and development?

Improving products and processes Signup and view all the answers

According to McGinn (1991), which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of science?

As a Total Societal Enterprise Signup and view all the answers

How is technology related to economic activity?

It leads to economic surplus Signup and view all the answers

What did W. Brian Arthur define as one of the ways technology can be classified?

As a collection of devices and engineering practices Signup and view all the answers

In which category of society is food production carried out mainly through human and animal labor?

Pre-industrial society Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes post-industrial societies?

High reliance on information, services, and high technology Signup and view all the answers

What does the Oxford Dictionary define as science?

The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the physical world Signup and view all the answers

What is technology according to W. Brian Arthur (2009)?

"Means to fulfill a human purpose" Signup and view all the answers

"The actual use of technology in the production process points out the potentials as well as the problems associated with a particular technology." This statement emphasizes the importance of:

Assessing the benefits and drawbacks of technology use in production processes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes industrial societies from pre-industrial societies?

Main economic activity centered around manufacturing goods Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basics of Science and Technology

Science and technology aim to satisfy two basic human needs:
The process of science is not associated with revelation or divine intervention.

Louis Pasteur's View

According to Louis Pasteur, knowledge belongs to humanity.

Science and Technology in Human Needs

Science and technology engage in innovation to satisfy human needs.

Learning Outcomes

Understanding the role of technology in economic development is not a learning outcome of this chapter.

Science as a Process

The usual activities associated with science as a process include observation, experimentation, and evidence-based reasoning.

Research and Development

The main goal of research and development is to produce new knowledge and products.

McGinn's View of Science

According to McGinn (1991), science is not about simply collecting facts.

Technology and Economic Activity

Technology is closely related to economic activity, as it can improve productivity and efficiency.

Classifying Technology

W.Brian Arthur defines technology as being classified into two ways: "know-how" and "know-what".

Socio-Economic Categories

In pre-industrial societies, food production is carried out mainly through human and animal labor.
Post-industrial societies are characterized by a service-based economy.

Definitions of Science and Technology

The Oxford Dictionary defines science as "the study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation".
W.Brian Arthur (2009) defines technology as "the organization of production and the provisioning of societies".

Technology in Production

The actual use of technology in the production process emphasizes the importance of understanding its potential benefits and drawbacks.

Socio-Economic Differences

Industrial societies are distinguished from pre-industrial societies by the use of machinery and factories in production.

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Description

Test your understanding of the definitions, assumptions, and the interconnection of science, technology, and society. Explore the impact of science and technology on society and the STS approach with this quiz.