Introduction to Science, Technology and Society Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two basic needs that science and technology aim to satisfy?

  • The need for social status and recognition
  • The thirst for knowledge and the material requirements for human survival and prosperity (correct)
  • The need for creativity and exploration
  • The need for power and control

Which of the following is NOT associated with science as a process?

  • Laws and principles
  • Description of phenomena
  • Profit-making activities (correct)
  • Generation of verifiable theories

According to Louis Pasteur, where does knowledge belong?

  • To those who can afford it
  • To all countries equally
  • Exclusively to scientists
  • To humanity and it is the torch which illuminates the world (correct)

What do science and technology engage in to satisfy human needs?

<p>Innovative problem-solving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a learning outcome of the chapter?

<p>Define the importance of scientific research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the usual activities associated with science as a process?

<p>Research and development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of research and development?

<p>Improving products and processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to McGinn (1991), which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of science?

<p>As a Total Societal Enterprise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is technology related to economic activity?

<p>It leads to economic surplus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did W. Brian Arthur define as one of the ways technology can be classified?

<p>As a collection of devices and engineering practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which category of society is food production carried out mainly through human and animal labor?

<p>Pre-industrial society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes post-industrial societies?

<p>High reliance on information, services, and high technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Oxford Dictionary define as science?

<p>The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the physical world (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is technology according to W. Brian Arthur (2009)?

<p>&quot;Means to fulfill a human purpose&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"The actual use of technology in the production process points out the potentials as well as the problems associated with a particular technology." This statement emphasizes the importance of:

<p>Assessing the benefits and drawbacks of technology use in production processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes industrial societies from pre-industrial societies?

<p>Main economic activity centered around manufacturing goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Science definition

The study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation.

Technology definition

The organization of production and the provisioning of societies.

Science and Technology's Aim

Science and technology aim to meet the basic needs of humans for survival and well-being.

Science is not Revelation

The process of science is objective and relies on empirical evidence; it does not involve divine intervention.

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Knowledge belongs to Humanity

Knowledge is a shared resource that benefits all humanity.

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Innovation for Human Needs

Innovation in science and technology is driven by the need to fulfill human needs.

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Science as a Process

Observation, experimentation, and evidence-based reasoning are core components of the scientific process.

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Goal of Research and Development

The primary objective of research and development is to create new knowledge and products.

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Science is More Than Facts

Science involves more than simply collecting facts; it involves analyzing, interpreting, and generating explanations.

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Technology and Economic Activity

Technology plays a vital role in economic activity by increasing productivity and efficiency.

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Classifying Technology

Technology can be categorized as "know-how" (the ability to do something) and "know-what" (knowledge of a process or product).

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Food Production in Pre-Industrial Societies

In societies before industrialization, food production relied heavily on human and animal labor.

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Post-Industrial Societies

Post-industrial societies are characterized by a service-based economy, where services are the primary driver of economic activity.

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Industrial Societies

Industrial societies are distinct from pre-industrial societies by their reliance on machinery and factories for production.

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Technology in Production

The practical application of technology in production needs careful consideration of its potential benefits and drawbacks.

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Study Notes

Basics of Science and Technology

  • Science and technology aim to satisfy two basic human needs:
  • The process of science is not associated with revelation or divine intervention.

Louis Pasteur's View

  • According to Louis Pasteur, knowledge belongs to humanity.

Science and Technology in Human Needs

  • Science and technology engage in innovation to satisfy human needs.

Learning Outcomes

  • Understanding the role of technology in economic development is not a learning outcome of this chapter.

Science as a Process

  • The usual activities associated with science as a process include observation, experimentation, and evidence-based reasoning.

Research and Development

  • The main goal of research and development is to produce new knowledge and products.

McGinn's View of Science

  • According to McGinn (1991), science is not about simply collecting facts.

Technology and Economic Activity

  • Technology is closely related to economic activity, as it can improve productivity and efficiency.

Classifying Technology

  • W.Brian Arthur defines technology as being classified into two ways: "know-how" and "know-what".

Socio-Economic Categories

  • In pre-industrial societies, food production is carried out mainly through human and animal labor.
  • Post-industrial societies are characterized by a service-based economy.

Definitions of Science and Technology

  • The Oxford Dictionary defines science as "the study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation".
  • W.Brian Arthur (2009) defines technology as "the organization of production and the provisioning of societies".

Technology in Production

  • The actual use of technology in the production process emphasizes the importance of understanding its potential benefits and drawbacks.

Socio-Economic Differences

  • Industrial societies are distinguished from pre-industrial societies by the use of machinery and factories in production.

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