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What does the Latin word 'scientia' mean?
knowledge
According to John Heilbron, how did he describe modern science?
discovery as well as an invention
What is the definition of technology according to Mark Zuckerberg?
Science and Technology are synonymous terms.
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According to Bird (2014), 'Socially responsible science' aims to oppose misuse or abuse in the application of research findings and attend to both the limitations and the foreseeable ______ of their work.
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What were the first skills developed by Filipinos for livelihood?
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What was the Bureau of Government Laboratories replaced with under the Department of Interior?
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In 1968, a 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal was proclaimed as the Philippine Science Community, which is now the DOST site.
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During the presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, what was developed to strengthen the educational system and help the poor?
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President Rodrigo R. Duterte formulated programs and policies that aimed to aid in shaping the country through 'Science for the People', with DOST helping transfer technology and putting R&D results into ____________.
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What is one reason why Filipinos are having difficulty attaining scientific literacy?
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Advanced birth control methods can help balance population and resources in both developed and developing countries.
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What are some issues and concerns about Science and Technology (S&T) focus on?
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S&T effects on society and the environment include resource ______ and pollution.
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Match the Filipino scientists and inventors with their names:
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Study Notes
Introduction to Science, Technology, and Society
- Science comes from the Latin word 'scientia', meaning 'knowledge', and refers to a systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing knowledge about how the universe behaves through observation or experimentation.
Technology Defined
- Technology is the application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world problems.
- It comes from the Greek root word 'technē', meaning 'art, skill, or cunning of hand'.
- Mark Zuckerberg defines technology as something that takes a human's sense or ability and augments it, making it more powerful.
Challenges and Downsides of S&T
- Carl Sagan quotes, "We live in a society absolutely dependent on science and technology and yet have cleverly arranged things so that almost no one understands science and technology. That's a clear prescription for disaster."
Science, Technology, and Society Defined
- The study of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) traces its roots to the interwar period and into the start of the Cold War.
- STS resulted from the recognition that many schools do not prepare students to respond critically, reflectively, and proactively to the challenges of the contemporary world.
- STS seeks to bridge the gap between the cultures of humanities (interpretive) and natural sciences (rational).
- STS is a socially embedded enterprise that focuses on the dynamic interaction between S&T and various aspects of society.
Socially Responsible Science
- Socially responsible science is more than just 'good science', as it involves accurate and reliable research, opposing misuse or abuse of research findings, and attending to the limitations and foreseeable impacts of one's work.
Emerging Ethical Dilemmas in S&T
- Examples of emerging ethical dilemmas include Helix, a digital app store designed to help you read your genome, and the rise of robot friendship.
- These innovations pose various ethical dilemmas that need to be addressed, such as the impact on privacy, security, and human relationships.
Importance of Studying STS
- Studying STS is important to understand the dynamic interaction between S&T and society, and to address the ethical dilemmas that arise from these interactions.
- It is crucial to study STS to respond critically, reflectively, and proactively to the challenges of the contemporary world.
History of Philippine S&T
- The unit covers the history of Philippine Science and Technology (S&T), its impact on society and the physical environment, and its role in nation building.
Early Period
- Pre-Spanish era: Filipinos developed skills in herbal medicines, farming, shipbuilding, mining, and weaving.
- Banaue rice terraces: an example of superb architectural design.
Spanish Colonization
- Formal education and scientific organizations were established.
- Schools taught religion, mathematics, reading, writing, music, and arts.
- Health and sanitation were also taught to locals.
American Colonization
- 1905: The Bureau of Science was established to study tropical diseases and other related research projects.
- 1933: The National Research Council of the Philippines was established, focusing on agriculture, medicine, pharmacy, food processing, and forestry.
Post-War Period
- 1946: The Institute of Science replaced the Bureau of Science.
- 1968: A 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal was proclaimed as the Philippine Science Community (now DOST site).
Marcos Administration
- Promotion of science courses in public high schools was mandated.
- Budget for research projects in applied sciences and science education was allocated.
- Fund for private universities and colleges was provided for the creation of courses related to S&T.
Philippine Research Institutions
- Philippine Coconut Research, Philippine Textile Research Institute, Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, National Grains Authority, and others were established.
Philippine Science High School
- Campuses in Mindanao and Visayas were built and operated.
Corazon Aquino Administration
- 1986: The National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).
- S&T was given a role in sustainable economic recovery and growth.
- A S&T Master Plan was created to update the production sector, improve research activities, and develop infrastructure used for S&T.
Fidel V. Ramos Administration
- 1998: The Philippines had approximately 3,000 competent scientists and engineers.
- Incentives were given to individuals who contributed significantly to S&T.
Joseph E. Estrada Administration
- RA No. 8439: Magna Carta for S&T Personnel; RA No. 7687: S&T Scholarship Law of 1994; and RA No. 7459: Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act were signed.
- RA No. 8749: Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and RA No. 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 were signed.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Administration
- "Filipinnovation" was coined to make the Philippines an innovation hub in Asia.
- RA No. 9367: "Biofuels" Act to utilize indigenous materials as a source of energy was signed.
Benigno Aquino III Administration
- 2014: New National Scientists were conferred, including Gavino C. Trono, Angel C. Alcala, Ramon C. Barba, and Edgardo D. Gomez.
Rodrigo R. Duterte Administration
- The budget for R&D grew by nearly six times.
- Programs and policies that aid in shaping the country were formulated under the "Science for the People" approach.
Philippine S&T Effects on Society and the Environment
- Positive impacts: mechanized agriculture, improved transportation, better communication, and enhanced learning process.
- Negative impacts: resource depletion, increasing wastes generated and emitted, and population growth.
Filipino Philosophical Point of Views
- Gripaldo (2007) believed that philosophy needs clarification of meaning for intrinsic good, application to get extrinsic good, and coincides with Aristotelian fashion.
- Filipinos must attain a certain level of scientific literacy since science is linked to technology and industrialization.
- The government should prioritize education in their national budget.
Issues and Concerns
- Lack of funding in R&D, lack of trained and skilled R&D manpower, institutional gaps, and lack and failure of policies and regulations.
- No mechanism for possible collaboration with industries.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of Science, Technology, and Society, including general concepts, scope of study, and the definition of science. It's a great starting point for those new to the field of STS.
