Module-1-Section-4-Lecture-Slides-2.pptx

Unit 4: Science and Technology and Nation Building Unit 4: S&T and Nation Building This unit discusses: 1. the history of Philippine S&T 2. how it affected the society and the physical environment through the years 3. S&T roles in nation building.  Intended Learning Outco...

Unit 4: Science and Technology and Nation Building Unit 4: S&T and Nation Building This unit discusses: 1. the history of Philippine S&T 2. how it affected the society and the physical environment through the years 3. S&T roles in nation building.  Intended Learning Outcomes: At the end of this Unit, students are expected to demonstrate the following: 1. Recall the history of Philippine S&T 2. Discuss how developments in Philippine S&T affect society and the physical environment 3. Relate how Filipino philosophical point of views affect the development of S&T 4. Relate S&T roles in nation building  Diagnostics: Learning Checkpoint Instruction: Search and identify a major contribution of each of the following scientist: 1. Anacleto Del Rosario 2. Francisco Quisumbing 3. Gregorio Zara 4. Julian Banzon 5. Manuel Guerrero 6. Ignacio Mercado 7. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera 8. Maria Orosa 9. Agapito Flores 10. Juan Salcedo, Jr.  Discussion herbal medicines Business: use of the alphabet, numbers, weighing and measurement systems, and calendar Farming, building of ships, mining minerals and weaving for clothing were Usage of herbs – Pre-Spanish era the first skills developed by www.spot.ph Filipinos for livelihood a superb architectural design like the Banaue rice terraces Banaue rice terraces www.worldatlas.com  Discussion formal education and creation of scientific organizations schools were mandated to teach religion, mathematics, reading and writing, and music and arts Health and sanitation were also taught to locals. University of Santo Tomas innovative approaches on farming www.rappler.com medicine and biology were given focused focused on engineering: construction of buildings, churches, bridges, roads and forts trade was prioritized due to possible bigger profits Religion was taught thefirst.website  Discussion the former Laboratorio Municipal was replaced by the Bureau of Government Laboratories under the Department of Interior The Bureau was established for the purpose of studying tropical diseases and other related research projects In 1905, the Bureau was changed to the Bureau of Science, which became Bureau of Science the main research center of the www.pinterest.com Philippines In 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established focused on agriculture, medicine and Medicine pharmacy, food processing and forestry histclo.com In 1946 the Bureau of Science was substituted by the Institute of Science  Discussion President Ferdinand Marcos mandated Department of Education to do a promotion of science courses in public high schools budget for research projects in applied sciences and science education fund for private universities and colleges for the creation of courses related to S&T Department of Science and and to promote research Technology (DOST) 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal commons.wikimedia.org was proclaimed in 1968 as the Philippine Science Community (now DOST site) Seminars, workshops, training programs and scholarships on fisheries and oceanography were sponsored by the government  Discussion Philippine Coconut Research, Philippine Textile Research Institute, Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, National Grains Authority, Philippine Council for Agricultural Research, PAGASA, Philippine National Oil Company, Plant Breeding Institute, International Rice Research Institute, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bureau of Forest Products, Research on coconut National Committee on Geological agriculture.com.ph Sciences, National Science Development Board, and National Science and Technology Authority National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine Science High School were NAST built and operated. nast.ph  Discussion In 1986, President Corazon Aquino replaced the National Science and Technology Authority to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) for S&T to be represented in the cabinet S&T to have part on sustainable economic recovery and growth created S&T Master Plan aimed to update the production sector, improve research activities, and develop infrastructure used for S&T. The R&D Plan determined research areas of priority based on local Former Pres. Corazon C. Aquino materials, likelihood of success, philnews.ph potential of product to be exported, and its tactical nature.  Discussion In 1998, during the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos, the Philippines had approximately 3,000 competent scientists and engineers. The "Doctors to the Barrio Program” brought an improvement of life expectancy from 67.5 years to 69.1 years between 1992 to 1995. Incentives were given to people who played significant role in S&T. National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in S&T Republic Act (RA) No. 8439: Magna Carta for S&T Personnel; RA No. 7687: S&T en.wikipedia.org Scholarship Law of 1994; RA No. 7459: Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act; and RA No. 8293: The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.  Discussion RA No. 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and RA No. 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 were both signed and mandated during the term of President Joseph E. Estrada He was also responsible in implementing cost-effective pesoreserve.com irrigation technologies, distribution of basic health care, nutrition, and education for those who were willing but could not afford. Modernization of the He also laid down a 15-year Philippine Armed modernization program of Forces by Pres. the Armed Forces of the Joseph E. Estrada Philippines. pt.wikipedia.org  Discussion During the administration of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) was developed to strengthen the educational system and to help the poor. "Filipinnovation" was coined that aimed to make the Philippines an innovation hub in Asia. RA No. 9367: "Biofuels" Act to utilize indigenous materials as source of energy while having cleaner emissions use drought-free rice, rice that can "Filipinnovation" withstand environmental hazards koronadalcitynews.blogspot.com RA No. 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization (AFMech) was also passed that aimed to modernize agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment  Discussion In 2014, President Benigno Aquino, Jr. conferred new National Scientists: Gavino C. Trono, who studied seaweed species Angel C. Alcala, who pioneered Gavino C. Trono Angel C. Alcala on coral reefs archimedesheatray.blogspot.com en.wikipedia.org Ramon C. Barba, who changed the seasonal supply of mangoes Edgardo D. Gomez, who spearheaded the assessment of damaged coral reefs and their conservation Ramon C. Barba Edgardo D. Gomez en.wikipedia.org ovpaa.up.edu.ph  Discussion President Rodrigo R. Duterte: S&T budget for R&D grew by nearly six times over the same period of time Formulation of programs and policies that will aid in shaping the country “Science for the People” DOST to help transfer technology and to put R&D results into commercialization gaining 1,000 new intellectual properties in only a year Philippine Space Technology Program Philippine 1st satellite: Diwata-1 launching Diwata-2 in 2018, after the news.abs-cbn.com launching of Diwata-1 that put our flag in space. S&T on agriculture and disaster preparedness  Discussion Philippine S&T effects on society and the physical environment and vice versa S&T has numerous positive contributions to society and the physical environment. Agriculture being the number one source of our food needs to be mechanized so as to cope with the rapidly and exponentially growing population. Water pumps and sprinkler cope with the damaging heat cause by the changing climate and weather. S&T has also made it possible to produce genetically modified crops, which grow faster and are more resistant to pests and diseases. Fertilizers needed by the crops to increase nutrients in the soil, enhance the growth of the crops and produce high- quality yields are developed thru S&T. S&T has improved transportation by road, by air, by water and even by space for the benefits of society for comforts and business for profit. S&T has made communication even better to transfer information or voice out their concerns or reach each other or to grow and improve customer services among societies and among institutions thru radios, televisions, internet, and social media. S&T has enhanced the learning process and eventually good quality education can help boost our economy. Learning management systems have been used in education nowadays like computers, mobile phones, tablets, projectors, and internet. Visual learning and on line learning have become popular for even difficult subjects like mathematics, physics, biology, geography, economics and others.  No matter how numerous positive impacts S&T has given individuals like us and the society as a whole, there will always be accompanying adverse impacts it brings to us. One is resource depletion. The increasing number of new and advanced technologies brings about higher depletion of earth’s natural resources, plus increasing wastes generated and emitted as these technologies are manufactured, and eventually when the products are disposed. S&T has also increased our population. Advanced birth control methods may help balance population and the resources but only in developed countries. In developing countries, there is no control on birth rate, mortality rate is high, resources like food are scarce and health and sanitation are also poor.  The behavior of society also affect the growth of S&T and eventually may either increase or decrease the S&T impacts to us in return. In order to contribute to the development of the Philippines, Filipinos must attain certain level of scientific literacy since science is linked to technology and industrialization. Filipinos are having difficulty attaining this literacy due to lack of science culture, deficiencies or congested curriculum, poor teaching learning process, lack of instructional materials and teacher training, lack of textbooks, and lack of laboratories. The introduction of K to 12, a 12-year program for learning under basic education and is accepted globally, may help bridge the gap. Government has continuously prioritize education in their national budget. Issues and concerns about S&T focus on lack of funding in research and development (R&D), lack trained and skilled R&D manpower, institutional gaps, and lack and failure or policies and regulations. Projects most of the time have no focus due to differences in interests of the proponents and funding institutions. Unlike in other countries, there is no mechanism for possible collaboration with industries. Individuals who are member of the society, the government and the private sectors thus, need to continuously look for the public good. S&T effects on society and the environment and vice versa Mechanized agriculture Water pumps and sprinkler cope with the damaging heat cause by the changing climate and weather. Production of GMO crops which grow faster and are more resistant to pests and diseases. Fertilizers needed by the crops to increase nutrients in the soil, enhance the growth of the Mechanized farming crops and produce high-quality yields lusakastar.com Improved transportation by road, by air, by water and even by space Better communication thru radios, televisions, internet, and social media. S&T has enhanced the learning process and quality education Visual learning and on line learning On-line learning www.teachingonline.net S&T effects on society and the environment and vice versa Resource depletion Increasing wastes generated and emitted as these technologies are manufactured, and eventually when the products are disposed S&T has also increased our population. Advanced birth control methods Resource depletion and pollution may help balance population and news.mb.com.ph the resources but only in developed countries. In developing countries, there is no control on birth rate, mortality rate is high, resources like food are scarce and health and sanitation are also poor. Poor sanitation www.wpro.who.int Filipino philosophical point of views Gripaldo (2007) believed that Philosophy needs: clarification of meaning for intrinsic good application so as to get its extrinsic good or the introduction of a concrete solution to an identified problem coincides with Aristotelian fashion, both epistemic (basic concepts of natural sciences) and phronetic (aspects of philosophy). S&T is a means to address public good benefiting both individually and socially the largest number of the local or national population consideration of individual interests build unity and subsidiarity, which is working together for the common good government must exercise utilitarian perspective that a development project or a government service like education, public health, transportations, infrastructure, military defense and other social services must promote common welfare of the population Filipino philosophical point of views The idea of the public good must be balanced between its ideal (economic) logic and its practical (ethical) logic. applying the Aristotelian concept that is an individual seeks not only his personal needs or wants but also those of others in order to survive The government should be on top of ensuring public good with rational perspective. Private groups or civil societies may pursue a public good through their own initiative even if the government cannot support them financially so as to promote welfare of everybody, be it on community, institutional, or national level. Filipino philosophical point of views Filipinos must attain certain level of scientific literacy since science is linked to technology and industrialization Filipinos are having difficulty attaining this literacy due to: lack of science culture, deficiencies or congested curriculum, poor teaching learning process, lack of instructional materials and teacher training, lack of textbooks, and lack of laboratories The introduction of K to 12 may help bridge the gap. Government has continuously prioritize education in their national budget. Filipino philosophical point of views Issues and concerns about S&T focus on: lack of funding in research and development (R&D), lack trained and skilled R&D manpower, institutional gaps, and lack and failure of policies and regulations. Projects most of the time have no focus due to differences in interests of the proponents and funding institutions. No mechanism for possible collaboration with industries. Individuals who are member of the society, the government and the private sectors thus, need to continuously look for the public good.  Activity 1 Unit 4. Exercise 1.0. Philippine S&T Innovation Instructions: Choose among the following Filipino scientists and inventors Paulo Campos Baldomero Olivera Raymundo Punongbayan Angel Alcala Dioscoro Umali Gavino Tronio Ricardo Sigua Diosdado Banatao Proceso Alcala Maria Ligaya Braganza Ame Garong Alfredo Galang and Benito Lumen Create a trump card (A4 size) showing the profession of the scientist/inventor, his specialization and his most significant contribution. Be ready to discuss the trump card and its content in the classroom.  Activity 2 Unit 4. Exercise 2.0. The Impacts of Philippine S&T Innovation Instructions: Using the same subject in your trump card, discuss using a powerpoint presentation: the significance of the invention to society how the invention affects the physical environment  Activity 3 Unit 4. Exercise 3.0. The Fate of the Philippine S&T Innovation Instructions: Group by 4 students. Among the subjects in the trump cards of your group members, identify what happened after the innovations were done. Discuss using a powerpoint presentation the following: (1) How were the inventions accepted by the society? (2) How were the inventions supported by the government? (3) Was the real public good served? If not, why?, and (4) Recommend how would the public good be served. Meta-Cognitive Reading Report Assignment 1. Meta-Cognitive Reading Report Readings: Caoli, Olivia. “A History of Science and Technology of the Philippines,” in Analysis of Conditions for National Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance: The Philippine Situation, Quezon City: University of the Philippines, 1986. Dayrit, Fabian. “Sustainable Development: An Evolving Paradigm for the 21st Century,” in Stellar Origins, Human Ways: Readings in Science, Technology, and Society, ed. Ma. Assunta Cuyegkeng, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2011. Gripaldo, Rolando M. (2007). The concept of the public good: a view from a Filipino philosopher Meta-Cognitive Reading Report Use the MRR form and answer the following: 1. (3) Things that I significantly learned from the readings 2. (3) Things that are still unclear to me 3. I used to think that…. 4. (3) questions that I want to ask about the readings