Introduction to Science and the Scientific Method
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What is the independent variable in the experiment?

  • The size of the tunnels
  • Length of tunnels constructed by ants
  • Amount of time measured
  • Type of light condition (correct)

    • What is the dependent variable in the experiment?

  • Size of the ant colonies
  • Time period of observation
  • Type of light condition
  • Length of tunnels constructed by ants (correct)

    • What trend can be observed in the average length of tunnels in light conditions over time?

  • The length decreases over time
  • The length fluctuates significantly
  • The length remains constant
  • The length increases steadily (correct)

    • Which of the following could be considered a control in the experiment?

    <p>The use of black construction paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of graph would be most appropriate to display the data collected?

    <p>Line graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On Day 21, what was the length of tunnels constructed in the dark condition?

    <p>136 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the average length of tunnels in dark conditions compare to those in light conditions by Day 21?

    <p>Dark is significantly longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT shared by living organisms?

    <p>Immortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of science?

    <p>To provide natural explanations for events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypothesis?

    <p>A scientific explanation that can be tested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a controlled experiment, what is the role of the control group?

    <p>To serve as a standard for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the independent variable represent in an experiment?

    <p>The factor that is changed by the experimenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the scientific method?

    <p>Making observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an inference?

    <p>A logical interpretation based on observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic molecule is common to all living things?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to control variables in an experiment?

    <p>To isolate the effect of the independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process enables living things to survive changing conditions?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should scientists do after collecting and analyzing data?

    <p>Draw conclusions and share them with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Living things respond to different types of what?

    <p>Stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of change does evolution represent for living things?

    <p>Gradual biological change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Life continuation depends on which types of reproduction?

    <p>Asexual and sexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains a relatively stable internal environment in living organisms?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship among living things?

    <p>All life forms are connected in a biosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines science in the context of understanding life?

    <p>A method of discovering knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ecology primarily concerned with?

    <p>Interactions among organisms and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines a biome?

    <p>A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes autotrophs in an ecosystem?

    <p>They convert sunlight or chemicals into food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?

    <p>Soil quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ecological research, which method involves direct observation of organisms?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes consumers from producers in an ecosystem?

    <p>Consumers depend on producers for food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following levels of ecological organization is comprised of multiple species in a shared area?

    <p>Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves autotrophs converting light energy into food?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Digestion of waste materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is classified as a primary producer in the food chain provided?

    <p>Phytoplankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the food chain if the shark population declines significantly?

    <p>Overpopulation of sardines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in a cell?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

    <p>Rough ER has ribosomes while smooth ER does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly matches the organism to its trophic level?

    <p>Plankton-eating fish - first level consumer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Modification and packaging of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What name is given to the rules governing the pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

    <p>Chargaff's Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond primarily holds the two strands of DNA together?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components do nucleotides NOT contain?

    <p>An amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist's work involved X-ray diffraction studies leading to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA?

    <p>Rosalind Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the base sequence on a separated strand of DNA is CGTAGG, what will the base sequence of its complementary strand be?

    <p>GCATCC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can the nucleotides in DNA be joined in any order?

    <p>The genetic information is dictated by the sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

    <p>Adenine and Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrogen bonds in DNA?

    <p>To hold nitrogenous bases together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Science

    • Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.
    • Science seeks natural explanations for events
    • Science utilizes evidence, not belief
    • Science is different from other human endeavors as it focuses on the natural world only.
    • Observations are made to describe and notice patterns and events, to further deduce inferences.

    Scientific Method

    • Observation- Noticing and describing events or processes with careful attention to detail.
    • Inference- Logical interpretation of observations based on existing knowledge.
    • Hypothesis- Proposed scientific explanation for observations, testable by design experiments.
    • Controlled Experiment- Experiment where only one variable is manipulated or 'changed' (independent variable), while others are kept constant. The controlled variable not affected by the independent variable is called the control group.
    • Dependent variable- Variable that changes in response to the independent variable.
    • Collecting, recording, and analyzing data- gathering information and evaluating changes.
    • Drawing conclusions- Analyzing data to support or reject hypothesis. Sharing conclusions with others
    • Scientific Methodology for investigations depends on organized observation, and inference followed by a hypothesis that can be tested, either supporting or rejecting/refuting the hypothesis.
    • Experiments are used to test hypotheses
    • The goal is to gather data and draw valid conclusions, to further develop the scientific understanding of the world.

    Example Experiment: Ant Tunnels

    • Hypothesis: Ants dig more tunnels in the dark.

    • Experimental design (Components):

      • Ant colonies were carefully controlled in setup.

      • Same number and type of ants per colony

      • Identical amount of food per group

      • Same temperature in each colony

      • Light exposure conditions were controlled for two sets of 5 colonies: exposed to light and darkness.

      • Tunnels measurements were computed regularly to observe the trend.

      • Independent Variable: Light conditions (light vs. dark)

      • Dependent Variable: Length of tunnels

      • Control Groups: The colonies exposed to light (control)

    • Constants: The independent variable being controlled, amount of food, colony size, temperature, and types of ants.

    • Data Collection: Length of tunnels is measured over several days and averaged.

    • Drawing Conclusions (Data Interpretation): Analyze the data to see which light condition supported the hypothesis. Are the averages different? Was there a trend?

    • This experiment seeks to establish correlation between the occurrence of light or darkness and ants tunnel behavior/activity. The expected output should show either an increase or decrease in tunnel length in response to light condition, to support or reject the hypothesis respectively.

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    9th Grade Biology Learning Packet PDF

    Description

    Explore the basics of science and the scientific method in this quiz. Understand key concepts including observation, inference, hypothesis, and controlled experiments. Test your knowledge of how scientists gather and analyze evidence to explain natural phenomena.

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