Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement best describes the role of independent and dependent variables in an experiment?
Which statement best describes the role of independent and dependent variables in an experiment?
- The dependent variable is affected by changes in the independent variable. (correct)
- The independent variable refers to the random selection of participants.
- Both independent and dependent variables are measured equally in the study.
- The independent variable is the one being measured, while the dependent variable is manipulated.
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin?
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin?
- To speed up the transmission of electrical signals in neurons
- To store genetic information within brain cells
- To facilitate communication between neurons at synapses (correct)
- To protect neurons from damage during communication
Which brain region is primarily involved in regulating emotions and memory?
Which brain region is primarily involved in regulating emotions and memory?
- Cerebellum
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Amygdala (correct)
Which term describes the process of assigning participants to different groups in a way that minimizes pre-existing differences?
Which term describes the process of assigning participants to different groups in a way that minimizes pre-existing differences?
What is the importance of inferential statistics in psychological research?
What is the importance of inferential statistics in psychological research?
What does the Yerkes-Dodson law explain about arousal and performance?
What does the Yerkes-Dodson law explain about arousal and performance?
Which type of reinforcement increases desired behavior by removing an aversive stimulus?
Which type of reinforcement increases desired behavior by removing an aversive stimulus?
In classical conditioning, which term refers to the initial response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus?
In classical conditioning, which term refers to the initial response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus?
Which mnemonic technique especially aids in improving memory by creating meaningful connections?
Which mnemonic technique especially aids in improving memory by creating meaningful connections?
What is meant by the term 'functional fixedness' in problem-solving?
What is meant by the term 'functional fixedness' in problem-solving?
Which type of long-term memory involves personal experiences and specific events?
Which type of long-term memory involves personal experiences and specific events?
In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, what is characterized by the understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen?
In Piaget's stages of cognitive development, what is characterized by the understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen?
Which cognitive fallacy occurs when individuals judge probabilities based on how similar an example is to a prototype?
Which cognitive fallacy occurs when individuals judge probabilities based on how similar an example is to a prototype?
Which emotional coping strategy focuses on addressing the root cause of stress?
Which emotional coping strategy focuses on addressing the root cause of stress?
Which of the following describes the General Adaptation Syndrome phase where the body prepares to respond to a stressor?
Which of the following describes the General Adaptation Syndrome phase where the body prepares to respond to a stressor?
In the Big Five personality model, which trait is associated with being imaginative and open to new experiences?
In the Big Five personality model, which trait is associated with being imaginative and open to new experiences?
What type of therapy focuses specifically on changing negative thought patterns?
What type of therapy focuses specifically on changing negative thought patterns?
Which phenomenon explains the tendency for individuals in a group to go along with the consensus, leading to poor decision-making?
Which phenomenon explains the tendency for individuals in a group to go along with the consensus, leading to poor decision-making?
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?
Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?
Which type of attribution involves explaining behavior based on personal traits?
Which type of attribution involves explaining behavior based on personal traits?
What is the primary feature of the foot-in-the-door technique in persuasion?
What is the primary feature of the foot-in-the-door technique in persuasion?
Flashcards
Independent Variable
Independent Variable
The factor that is manipulated or changed by the researcher in an experiment. It's the potential cause.
Correlational Research
Correlational Research
A type of research that examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating any. It cannot establish cause and effect.
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons, allowing them to communicate with each other.
Hemispheres & Lobes
Hemispheres & Lobes
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Nature vs. Nurture
Nature vs. Nurture
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Visual Transduction
Visual Transduction
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Depth Cues
Depth Cues
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Auditory Transduction
Auditory Transduction
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Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Short-term Memory
Short-term Memory
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Episodic Memory
Episodic Memory
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Piaget's Stages
Piaget's Stages
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Stress
Stress
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Eustress
Eustress
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HPA-Axis
HPA-Axis
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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
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Emotion-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
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Problem-focused coping
Problem-focused coping
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Big Five Model
Big Five Model
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Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
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Study Notes
Section 1 (Research Methods, Statistics, & Psych Science)
- Research methods (experimental, correlational, observational) and their strengths and weaknesses
- Variables (independent, dependent, operational definitions)
- Experimental design, controls, confounds, random assignment, random selection, and causality
- Descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency, dispersion, correlation)
- Inferential statistics (hypothesis testing, statistical significance)
- Key concepts in research methodology and their applications
Section 2 (Neurons, Brains & Behaviors)
- Neuronal anatomy, communication, and neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, GABA)
- Brain sections, lobes, and their functions (e.g., hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala)
- Hemispheres and functions; Corpus Callosum
- Nature vs. nurture; Gene environment interaction methods
- Relationship between genes and environment in influencing behavior
Section 3 (Sensation & Perception)
- Visual sensation (key anatomy, pathways, transduction)
- Visual perception (visual and depth cues, heuristics; interactions with other senses)
- Auditory sensation (key anatomy, pathways, transduction), and perception
- Smell, taste, and touch (key anatomy, receptor function, and interactions with other senses)
- Pain perception (gate-control theory)
Section 4 (Conditioning & Learning)
- Classical conditioning (e.g., US, UR, CS, CR, requirements for CC)
- Operant conditioning (reinforcement, punishment, positive, negative, appetitive, aversive, escape, avoidance)
- Schedules of reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, VI)
- Patterns of responding
- Operant and classical conditioning processes and their impact on learning
Section 5 (Human Memory & Cognitive Development)
- Short-term/working memory (capacity, forgetting, encoding)
- Long-term memory (capacity, types: episodic, semantic, procedural, forgetting)
- Memory loss (decay, retroactive and proactive interference)
- Memory Improvement strategies (Mnemonics, level of processing, distinctiveness, imagery)
- Piaget's stages of cognitive development (key milestones for each, such as object permanence and conservation)
Section 6 (Cognition & Intelligence)
- Problem-solving strategies (trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, analogies)
- Problem-solving obstacles (functional fixedness, mental set)
- Reasoning and decision-making heuristics and errors (representativeness, availability, conjunction fallacy, framing effects)
- Intelligence theories (Binet and Simon; IQ scores, Spearman's g-factor, Sternberg's triarchic model; factors contributing to intelligence)
- Assessment, reliability and validity in testing intelligence
Section 7 (Motivation, Emotion, Stress, Coping, & Health)
- Theories of emotion (common-sense, James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schacter's)
- Motivation factors (internal drives; external incentives; needs; arousal; homeostasis)
- Stress; distress; eustress; stressors, and its impact on the body
- coping mechanisms (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping)
- Hardiness, resilience, and overall well-being
Section 8 (Personality & Consciousness)
- Personality traits (Big Five Model)
- Psychodynamic perspectives (id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms)
- Behavioral perspectives (Skinner; Bandura)
- Biological perspectives (genetics, heritability)
- Consciousness (easy vs. hard problem; dualism vs. materialism)
- Perspectives on personality
Section 9 (Psychological Disorders & Treatments)
- Anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, specific phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, OCD) with symptoms and origins
- Mood disorders (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder)
- Schizophrenic disorders (positive and negative symptoms)
- Personality disorders (antisocial, borderline, narcissistic)
- Types of therapies (cognitive-behavioral therapy, biomedical therapies, specific drug treatments)
Section 10 (Social Behavior)
- Persuasion techniques (elaboration likelihood model)
- Conformity, obedience (factors affecting obedience and conformity)
- Behavior in groups (bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility, group polarization)
- Attitudes and implicit/explicit attitudes
- Attributions and biases (fundamental attribution error; self-serving bias)
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in psychology, including the roles of independent and dependent variables and the functions of neurotransmitters. This quiz also covers important brain regions and statistical methods used in psychological research. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of foundational psychology principles.
