Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which two disciplines did psychology primarily emerge from?
Which two disciplines did psychology primarily emerge from?
The first psychological laboratory was established by Sigmund Freud in 1879.
The first psychological laboratory was established by Sigmund Freud in 1879.
False (B)
What is the primary focus of the behavioral perspective in psychology?
What is the primary focus of the behavioral perspective in psychology?
Observable and measurable behavior, emphasizing how learning occurs through association, observation, and consequences.
The ______ perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences on behavior.
The ______ perspective emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences on behavior.
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Match the following psychological perspectives with their primary focus:
Match the following psychological perspectives with their primary focus:
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Which subfield of psychology focuses on how our thoughts, memories, and problem-solving abilities work?
Which subfield of psychology focuses on how our thoughts, memories, and problem-solving abilities work?
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The field of Industrial/Organizational psychology focuses on the application of psychological principles to improve workplace environments.
The field of Industrial/Organizational psychology focuses on the application of psychological principles to improve workplace environments.
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What is the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it called?
What is the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it called?
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Match the following psychologists with their associated approaches:
Match the following psychologists with their associated approaches:
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
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Replication in research refers to repeating a study to confirm its findings.
Replication in research refers to repeating a study to confirm its findings.
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What is the purpose of a theory in psychology?
What is the purpose of a theory in psychology?
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Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with movement?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with movement?
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Motor neurons transmit information from the muscles to the brain.
Motor neurons transmit information from the muscles to the brain.
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What is the function of glial cells?
What is the function of glial cells?
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GABA helps to ________________ the brain by blocking specific signals in your CNS.
GABA helps to ________________ the brain by blocking specific signals in your CNS.
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Match the following neurotransmitters with their associated functions:
Match the following neurotransmitters with their associated functions:
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What does a hypothesis specifically describe?
What does a hypothesis specifically describe?
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Operational definitions help with the replication of a study.
Operational definitions help with the replication of a study.
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What are the three types of measurements mentioned in research methods?
What are the three types of measurements mentioned in research methods?
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In experimental studies, the ______ is the condition or event that is varied by the experimenter.
In experimental studies, the ______ is the condition or event that is varied by the experimenter.
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Match the research methods with their definitions:
Match the research methods with their definitions:
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What does a random sample ensure?
What does a random sample ensure?
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Correlation can imply causation between two variables.
Correlation can imply causation between two variables.
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What are the two problems associated with correlational studies?
What are the two problems associated with correlational studies?
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Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
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Aphasia is a disorder that affects the ability to understand and express language.
Aphasia is a disorder that affects the ability to understand and express language.
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What is the primary role of the corpus callosum?
What is the primary role of the corpus callosum?
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The ______ lobe is associated with sensory input related to touch and body position.
The ______ lobe is associated with sensory input related to touch and body position.
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Match the following brain lobes with their primary functions:
Match the following brain lobes with their primary functions:
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What is the primary function of endorphins?
What is the primary function of endorphins?
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The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for conserving energy in the body.
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for conserving energy in the body.
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What does EEG stand for?
What does EEG stand for?
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The __________ is responsible for coordinating balance and posture.
The __________ is responsible for coordinating balance and posture.
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Match the brain structures with their primary functions:
Match the brain structures with their primary functions:
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Which imaging technique detects brain activity by tracking radioactive glucose?
Which imaging technique detects brain activity by tracking radioactive glucose?
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The thalamus is a sensory control center that directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex.
The thalamus is a sensory control center that directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex.
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What is the primary role of the primary motor cortex?
What is the primary role of the primary motor cortex?
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Study Notes
Prologue (Introduction to Psychology)
- Psychology emerged from philosophy and physiology
- Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
- Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychological laboratory in 1879, focusing on introspection (examining one's own conscious experience)
- Key historical schools of thought include structuralism (studying the structure of the mind), functionalism (studying the function of the mind), behaviorism (studying observable behavior), psychodynamic (emphasizing unconscious drives), humanistic (emphasizing free will and self-actualization), biological (studying the biological basis of behavior) and cognitive (studying mental processes).
- Different sub-fields of psychology study various areas of human behavior and mental processes (e.g., clinical/counseling, developmental, personality, and industrial-organizational psychology)
- Psychologists use different methods to study their subjects, including observation, self-reports, and physiological measures
- The five steps of the scientific method include: defining the problem, forming a hypothesis, designing and testing the hypothesis, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions
Chapter 1 (Psychological Science/Methods)
- Hindsight bias and overconfidence can impact behavior and decision-making
- Goals of science include description, prediction, understanding, and control
- The scientific method involves five steps: define the problem, form a hypothesis, design and test the hypothesis, analyze data, and draw conclusions
- Replication is important in scientific research to verify results and build confidence in findings
- Theories and hypotheses are key components of scientific investigations, offering frameworks to organize and predict phenomena.
- Operational definitions are crucial for precise measurements and replication in research studies.
- Different types of measurements exist, including self-reports, observation, and physiological measures.
Chapter 2 (Biology/Neuroscience)
- The brain is plastic, meaning it can adapt to new experiences and injuries
- The nervous System and endocrine system function in relationship to each other
- Neurons communicate via electrochemical processes.
- Different parts of the brain (e.g., pons, medulla, cerebellum, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebrum, lobes) are responsible for specific functions, such as movement, sensory processing, emotion, memory, and more.
- Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals between neurons.
- Types of neurotransmitters have different roles in the brain; some contribute to arousal and others to pain control and emotional states
- The nervous system has multiple branches with various functions, including the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Research Methods
- SQ3R (Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review) is a useful study method.
- Experimental research designs explore cause and effect
- Correlation research demonstrates a relationship between variables, but does not establish causation.
- Descriptive studies provide a snapshot of a particular behavior or phenomenon without exploring cause-and-effect relationships.
- Important ethical considerations (informed consent, debriefing) are involved in research with human subjects.
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Description
Explore the foundations of psychology in this quiz, focusing on its historical evolution from philosophy and physiology to a distinct scientific discipline. Learn about the various schools of thought, key figures like Wilhelm Wundt, and the main sub-fields of psychology. Test your knowledge on the methodologies used in psychological research.
