Introduction to Psychology

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Questions and Answers

Match the following psychologists with their primary focus:

Sigmund Freud = Unconscious mind and psychosexual development B.F. Skinner = Operant conditioning and observable behavior Jean Piaget = Stages of cognitive development Albert Bandura = Social-cognitive theory and observational learning

Match the following concepts with their associated psychologist:

Classical conditioning = Ivan Pavlov Feminine psychology = Karen Horney Collective unconscious = Carl Jung Id, ego, superego = Sigmund Freud

Match the following schools of thought with their core principle:

Behavioural = Observable behavior and conditioning Psychodynamic = Unconscious motives and internal conflicts Cognitive = Mental processes and information processing Social-Cognitive = Observation and social interactions

Match the following psychologists with their research focus:

Ivan Pavlov = The ringing bell experiment Albert Bandura = Imitation and observational learning Carl Jung = Introversion and extraversion Karen Horney = Societal pressures on women Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychologists with their associated concepts

B.F. Skinner = Rewards and punishments Erik Erikson = Stages of psychosocial development Jean Piaget = Cognitive abilities during adulthood Sigmund Freud = Conscious/unconscious mind Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychologists with their primary area of theoretical contribution:

Skinner = Operant conditioning and the importance of observable behaviors Albert Bandura = Social-cognitive theory and observational learning Jean Piaget = Stages of Cognitive Development Erik Erikson = Stages of Psychosocial Development Signup and view all the answers

Match each psychological study to its primary finding:

Asch's Conformity Study = Individuals are more likely to conform to group opinions even if the opinion is wrong Kitty Genovese's Murder Case = The presence of multiple witnesses can decrease the likelihood of any one individual taking action, also knows as the bystander effect Little Albert Experiment = Classical conditioning can lead to the development of irrational fears Stanford Prison Study = Behavioral is heavily influenced by assigned roles and situational pressures Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical and scientific influence to the psychological theorist:

Observable behaviors = Skinner Cognitive Revolution = Albert Bandura Child Development = Erik Erikson Cognitive Abilities Development = Jean Piaget Signup and view all the answers

Match the experiment with the ethical issues it raised:

Little Albert Experiment = Causing deliberate psychological distress Stanford Prison Experiment = Failure to protect participants from psychological harm Stanley Milgram Experiment = Deception and lack of fully informed consent All Experiments = Misuse of psychological knowledge and infringement on human rights Signup and view all the answers

Match each experiment to the key concept or theory it helps display:

Asch's Conformity Study = Group influence on individual behavior Kitty Genovese’s Murder Case = Bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility Stanford Prison Study = The power of social roles on behavior Stanley Milgram Experiment = Obedience to authority figures Signup and view all the answers

Match the ethical principle with its description:

Informed Consent = Consent is granted before experiments Responsible Caring = Avoid any harm to clients and animals Integrity of Relationships = Avoid exploiting relationships for personal gain Responsibility to Society = Acquire knowledge of cultural customs before experiments Signup and view all the answers

Match the unethical experiment with its outcome:

Little Albert = Conditioned fear response in infants Stanford Prison Experiment = Role abuse in simulated prison environment The Monster Study = Induced stuttering in children Monkey Drug Trials = Addiction leading to broken limbs Signup and view all the answers

Match the unethical experiment with its researcher:

Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment = Carney Landis The Monster Study = Wendell Johnson Learned Helplessness = Mark Seligman David Reimer = Dr. John Money Signup and view all the answers

Match the unethical experiment with its primary focus:

The Aversion Project = Sexual orientation conversion Learned Helplessness = Response to repeated trauma Monkey Drug Trials = Effects of substance abuse David Reimer = Gender identity and socialization Signup and view all the answers

Match the unethical experiment with its significant issue:

Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment = Unjustified harm to animals The Monster Study = Ethical concerns of child experimentation Stanford Prison Experiment = Psychological impact of authority roles David Reimer = Gender identity mishandling Signup and view all the answers

Match the following negative automatic thought patterns with their descriptions:

All-or-nothing thinking = Seeing outcomes as either complete success or failure Overgeneralization = Assuming a single negative event means ongoing defeat Emotional reasoning = Believing that negative emotions reflect reality Personalization = Blaming oneself for unrelated events or issues Signup and view all the answers

Match the methods of reappraisal with their descriptions:

Positive reframing = Finding a positive angle in challenging situations Examining the evidence = Evaluating the rationality of feelings Changing perspectives = Discussing the situation with others for new insights Questioning biases = Scrutinizing personal beliefs that influence thinking Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts related to memory with their definitions:

False memory = Recalling events that never actually happened Reconstructive memory = Memory that can change based on new information Unconscious mind = Part of the mind containing unresolved childhood issues Cognitive Psychology = Focus on the individual's thoughts and thinking processes Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of negative interpretations with their definitions:

Catastrophizing/minimization = Exaggerating small flaws into significant issues Disqualifying the positive = Rejecting positive experiences as unimportant Jumping to conclusions = Making negative assumptions without evidence Mental filter = Concentrating solely on a single negative detail Signup and view all the answers

Match the contributions of social institutions with their significance:

Govern behavior = Influencing how individuals act and what they expect Fulfilling needs = Satisfying the essential requirements of society Building society = Creating the foundational framework of collective life Providing common purpose = Bringing people together for shared objectives Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Operant Conditioning

A psychological theory focusing on how observable behaviors are influenced by rewards and punishments.

Cognition

Mental processes associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering.

Social-Cognitive Theory

A psychological theory that considers both observable behavior and mental processes, exploring how individuals learn by observing and imitating others.