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Introduction to Problem Solving with C
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Introduction to Problem Solving with C

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between declaring a string using 'char string =

  • Both allocate the same amount of memory space.
  • The second declaration uses a fixed memory size.
  • The first allocates 10 bytes while the second allocates memory as per requirement. (correct)
  • Only the first declaration requires a null character.

    • What will happen if a null character is not explicitly included in a string declaration?

  • The compiler will automatically add a ' extbackslash{}0' character. (correct)
  • The program will crash.
  • The compiler will automatically add a ' ' character.
  • The compiler will automatically add a ' ' character.

    • Which of the following functions is mentioned for reading a line of text?

  • gets() (correct)
  • puts()
  • printf()
  • scanf()

    • What is the primary purpose of the course described?

    <p>To improve problem-solving skills through programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the scanf() function?

    <p>It stops reading input at the first whitespace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents a string in C?

    <p>&quot;Hello&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the null character ('\0') signify in a string?

    <p>The end of the string</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to print a string using printf() in C?

    <p>printf('Message is: %s', string);</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output when declaring char string = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' extbackslash{}0'};

    <p>Hello</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which course outcome focuses on programming execution and debugging in C?

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when using the puts() function?

    <p>It displays the string followed by a newline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option represents a correct characteristic of strings in C programming?

    <p>Strings are the same as character arrays without exception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to initialize a string using traditional character array syntax?

    <p>char string[] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' extbackslash{}0'};</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum total marks a student can achieve in theoretical assessment?

    <p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CO5 emphasize in the course outcomes?

    <p>Designing and developing modular programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the null character ('\0') signify in a string in C?

    <p>The end of the string</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the assessment pattern for practical evaluations?

    <p>Final Project Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is safer to use for reading strings in C?

    <p>fgets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the code provided, how is the string 's2' concatenated to 's1'?

    <p>By manually iterating through each character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using 'puts' in a C program?

    <p>To print a string to the console</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for 's1' to have a sufficient length when concatenating it with 's2'?

    <p>To store both strings without losing characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of quotes are used to enclose a string in C?

    <p>Double quotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command correctly terminates a string after concatenation?

    <p>s1[length] = '\0';</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the use of 'gets' in C?

    <p>It is a safe method for reading inputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format specifier is used to print a string or character array in C's printf function?

    <p>%s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What output will this C program generate? int main() { char ary[]="Discovery Channel"; printf("%s", ary); return 0; }

    <p>Discovery Channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the output of the following C program? char str[]={'g','l','o','b','e'}; printf("%s", str);

    <p>globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected output of the following C program? int main() { int str[]={'g','l','o','b','y'}; printf("A%c ",str); printf("A%s ",str); printf("A%c ",str); return 0; }

    <p>Compiler error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the following C snippet print? char str[] = "hello"; printf("%s", str);

    <p>hello</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C, which of the following is the correct way to end a string?

    <p>Using a null character '\0'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a character array be initialized in C?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if you print a character array without a null terminator?

    <p>It leads to undefined behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Problem Solving

    • This course aims to teach students how to solve problems through programming.
    • Students will learn to develop logic-building skills.
    • The course will use the C programming language.

    Course Outcomes

    • CO1: Remember the concepts related to fundamentals of C language, to draw flocharts and write algorithms/pseudocode.
    • CO2: Understand how to execute and debug programs in C.
    • CO3: Apply various constructs, loops, and functions to solve mathematical and scientific problems.
    • CO4: Analyze dynamic memory behavior through the use of pointers.
    • CO5: Design and develop modular programs for real-world problems using control and selection structures.

    Assessment Pattern

    • Theory:
      • Continuous Internal Assessment (CAE): 40 Marks
      • Semester End Examination (SEE): 60 Marks
    • Practical:
      • Continuous Internal Assessment (CAE): 60 Marks
      • Semester End Examination (SEE): 40 Marks

    String Definition

    • A string in C is an array of characters terminated with a null character (\0).
    • The null character indicates the end of the string.
    • Strings are enclosed in double quotes (").
    • Characters are enclosed in single quotes (').

    Initialization of String

    • Example: char string[] = "Hello";

    Memory Representation of String

    • When a string is declared, the compiler automatically allocates the memory space needed to store the null character (\0) at the end.
    • Example:

      • For the string char string[] = "Hello";, the memory space would be:

        • H
        • e
        • l
        • l
        • o
        • \0

    String Input and Output Functions

    • scanf() Function:
      • Can be used to read string input from the terminal.
      • Uses the %s format specifier.
      • Terminates input on encountering the first whitespace.
    • gets() Function:
      • Reads a line of string input from the terminal.
    • puts() Function:
      • Displays a string.

    Examples

    • Example 1: gets() and puts() Functions:

      • #include <stdio.h>
      • int main() {
        • char string[100];
        • printf ("Enter your name: ");
        • gets(string);
        • printf ("Name: ");
        • puts(string);
        • return 0;
      • }

    • Example 2: Concatenating Two Strings

      • #include <stdio.h>
      • int main() {
        • char s1[] = "programming ", s2[] = "is awesome";
        • int length = 0, j;
        • while (s1[length] != '\0'){
          • ++length;
        • }
        • for (j = 0; s2[j] != '\0'; ++j, ++length) {
          • s1[length] = s2[j];
        • }
        • s1[length] = '\0';
        • printf("After concatenation: ");
        • puts(s1);
        • return 0;
      • }

    Summary

    • Strings in C are arrays of characters ending with a null character (\0).
    • Use gets() and puts() functions for input and output of strings.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    • Write a C program to count the number of lines, words, and characters in a given text.
    • Write a C program to print all vowel and consonant characters separately.
    • Write a C program to count the uppercase, lowercase, and special characters in a string.
    • Write a C program to print the following pattern:
      • H
      • He
      • Hel
      • Hell
      • Hello

    Quiz

    • What is the format specifier used to print a string or character array in the printf or scanf function?

      • %c
      • %C
      • %s
      • %w

    • What is the output of the following C program with strings?

      • int main() {
        • char ary[]="Discovery Channel";
        • printf("%s",ary);
        • return 0;
      • }
      • A) D
      • B) Discovery Channel
      • C) Discovery
      • D) Compiler Error

    • What is the output of the following C program with strings?

      • int main() {
        • char str[]={'g','l','o','b','e'};
        • printf("%s",str);
        • return 0;
      • }
      • A) g
      • B) globe
      • C) globe\0
      • D) None of the above

    • What is the output of the following C program?

      • int main() {
        • int str[]={'g','l','o','b','y'};
        • printf("A%c ",str);
        • printf("A%s ",str);
        • printf("A%c ",str);
        • return 0;
      • }
      • A) A A A
      • B) A Ag Ag
      • C) Arandomchar Ag Ag
      • D) Compiler error

    Book Reference

    • Thareja, R. (2014). Programming in C (2nd ed.).
    • Zed, A.

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    Description

    This quiz evaluates students' understanding of problem-solving techniques using the C programming language. It covers fundamentals such as logic-building, algorithm design, and dynamic memory management through pointers. Students will also learn to effectively debug and develop modular programs for real-world applications.

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