Introduction to Preservation Lecture 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of preservation treatment methods?

Complete reconstruction of the structure

Maintaining and repairing historic materials (correct)

Modifying the building for new uses

Updating the architectural style to modern standards

Which term best distinguishes the difference between a building and a financial city?

Porte cochere

Capitol (correct)

Capital

Facade

What is the significance of the 'Golden Ratio' in preservation?

It is used for financial evaluations in preservation projects.

It relates to aesthetic proportions in architecture. (correct)

It is a method for structural calculation.

It defines historical significance of buildings.

Which treatment method is NOT one of the determined factors for preservation?

Modern architectural trends Signup and view all the answers

What role did archaeological work play in the reconstruction of the Governor's Palace?

It helped locate the original foundation and remnants. Signup and view all the answers

How does the phrase 'contemporary yet compatible' relate to preservation?

It emphasizes a balance between modern and historic elements. Signup and view all the answers

What helps define the architectural style of a historic building?

Time periods, characteristics, and popularity Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the parts of a window that divide the glass panes?

Muntin Signup and view all the answers

What preservation philosophy is exemplified by Drayton Hall?

Stabilization rather than full restoration Signup and view all the answers

Which organization significantly contributed to preservation efforts in the United States?

National Trust for Historic Preservation Signup and view all the answers

What unique aspect did the restoration efforts in Williamsburg focus on?

Retaining the colonial aesthetic and architectural integrity Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes digital restoration as a method in preservation?

Visualizing previous conditions without physical changes Signup and view all the answers

What issue was highlighted by the Elgin Marbles debate?

Ownership and ethical considerations of cultural artifacts Signup and view all the answers

Which architectural movement is exemplified by Strawberry Hill?

Gothic Revival Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant challenge faced by Drayton Hall concerning its preservation?

Balancing historical significance with physical alterations over time Signup and view all the answers

What led to the significant restoration efforts at Strawberry Hill?

The building's extreme disrepair by 2000 Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant feature of the TWA Terminal designed by Eero Saarinen?

It incorporated jetways and baggage carousels. Signup and view all the answers

Which act, enacted in 1906, allows for the protection of historic landmarks through presidential proclamations?

Antiquities Act Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main aims of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities established in 1910?

To preserve historic buildings through reversible restoration. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Civil Works Administration have during the Great Depression?

It employed artists to enhance public buildings. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) initiated in 1933?

To document significant American structures. Signup and view all the answers

What architectural trend did the Decalogue emphasize in restoration practices?

Preservation over quick fixes. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was established to address the need for preservation expertise in historic structures?

Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities Signup and view all the answers

What significant locations have been protected under the Antiquities Act?

Devil’s Tower and the Grand Canyon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of restoration in the context of preservation?

To depict a property as it existed in a specific historical period Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the goal of reconstruction?

To recreate non-surviving aspects based on evidence Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union?

It played a crucial role in early preservation efforts with emphasis on fundraising by women Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the first restoration architect and a significant figure in preservation?

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc Signup and view all the answers

Which historical event notably contributed to the establishment of preservation movements in the United States?

The preservation of Yellowstone in 1872 Signup and view all the answers

What ethical concerns are associated with the Elgin Marbles in the context of preservation?

The method of acquisition by Lord Elgin Signup and view all the answers

What was a common characteristic of the early preservation collaborations in the United States?

Inclusion of genealogists, historians, and conservationists Signup and view all the answers

According to John Ruskin’s philosophy, what did he advocate for in architecture?

Preservation of artistic and historical character Signup and view all the answers

What was the original purpose of the White Portion of Strawberry Hill?

It was used as a museum. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is responsible for the National Historic Preservation Act?

National Park Service Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the Historic American Landscape Survey developed in 2000?

Natural or designed landscape sites. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the architect of the Gettysburg National Military Park's Cyclorama Center?

Richard Neutra Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did the National Trust for Historic Preservation take in 1949?

Became a non-profit organization for local preservation efforts. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key belief held by Jane Jacobs?

Mixed-use development contributes to community vitality. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary goals of the National Environmental Policy Act passed in the 1960s?

Protecting the national environment. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Venice Charter focus on in its guidelines for preservation?

Buildings and construction materials. Signup and view all the answers

How did the development of the Historic Sites Act in 1935 impact historic preservation?

It aimed to preserve sites of national significance. Signup and view all the answers

What significant element did Mission 66 introduce to national parks?

Expanded visitor services and infrastructure. Signup and view all the answers

What circumstance led to the establishment of Techwood Homes in 1935?

The effects of the 1929 stock market crash. Signup and view all the answers

What was the core purpose of the Association for Preservation Technology?

Cultivate knowledge exchange in preservation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the Historic American Engineering Record?

Documentation of canals, railroads, and bridges. Signup and view all the answers

Which landmark event is associated with the demolition of Penn Station in 1963?

A shift in the perception of historic preservation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between restoration and rehabilitation in the context of preservation?

Restoration aims for accurate historical representation, while rehabilitation allows for contemporary alterations. Signup and view all the answers

Which individual is primarily noted for establishing the principles of historic restoration?

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant early project associated with the foundation of preservation in the United States?

Establishment of Mesa Verde National Park Signup and view all the answers

What major contribution did John Ruskin make to the philosophy of architecture?

He emphasized the moral value of architecture and the importance of preserving its artistic character. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union founded in 1853?

To save and restore Mount Vernon, showcasing early preservation efforts. Signup and view all the answers

How did legal issues become complex in the context of the Elgin Marbles?

They were acquired through a contested purchase by the British Museum. Signup and view all the answers

Which project is recognized as one of the first national monuments in the United States?

Preservation of Casa Grande Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines reconstruction as a method in preservation?

It aims to recreate non-surviving aspects of a property based on existing evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between 'restoration' and 'rehabilitation' in preservation practices?

Restoration aims to recreate a previous condition while rehabilitation adapts a structure for contemporary use. Signup and view all the answers

Which mathematical concept is critically relevant to the aesthetics of preservation and architectural design?

Golden Section Signup and view all the answers

In the context of preservation, what is meant by 'contemporary yet compatible'?

The integration of modern design features that do not clash with historical elements. Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the architectural elements that separate and support window panes?

Muntin Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does Drayton Hall exemplify in the context of preservation?

Balancing historical significance with physical alterations made over generations Signup and view all the answers

What role did archaeological work play in the preservation of the Governor's Palace?

It identified original features to replicate during reconstruction. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the preservation philosophy applied to Drayton Hall?

Prioritizing the building's aged state for integrity Signup and view all the answers

What defines the architectural style of a historic building?

The era it was constructed in, along with its distinctive design characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Which historical event prompted significant changes in preservation legislation and practices in the United States?

The demolition of Penn Station Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects highlighted the ongoing battle against decay in historic structures?

The significant restoration efforts at Strawberry Hill Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary focuses of preservation treatment methods?

Maintaining and repairing historic materials while emphasizing their current state. Signup and view all the answers

What role did John D. Rockefeller, Jr. play in the preservation of Williamsburg?

He initiated restoration efforts to retain colonial aesthetics Signup and view all the answers

How does digital restoration differ from traditional preservation methods?

It visualizes earlier conditions without physically altering them Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant technological innovation featured in the TWA Terminal designed by Eero Saarinen?

Baggage carousels Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable feature of Strawberry Hill in the context of architectural movements?

It embodies principles of the Gothic Revival movement Signup and view all the answers

Which historic site was specifically protected under the Antiquities Act?

Devil's Tower Signup and view all the answers

Which organization notably contributed to the preservation efforts in the United States during the early 1900s?

The National Trust for Historic Preservation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities?

Reversible restoration strategies Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical ethical consideration illustrated by the Elgin Marbles debate?

Defining ownership and provenance of cultural artifacts Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major initiatives established during the Great Depression that contributed to the arts?

Public Works of Art Project Signup and view all the answers

When was the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) initiated?

1933 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Decalogue's approach to restoration?

Authoritative preservation of colonial traditions Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable outcome of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) during its time?

It facilitated numerous infrastructure and art projects Signup and view all the answers

What critical role did the Antiquities Act play in historic preservation?

It provided for the protection of landmarks through presidential proclamations Signup and view all the answers

Which program was established to document historic engineering structures in collaboration with the Library of Congress?

Historic American Engineering Record Signup and view all the answers

What was the principal outcome of the Housing Act of 1937 in relation to urban developments?

Construction of Techwood Homes Signup and view all the answers

What influential text, published in 1961, argued against urban renewal and emphasized the importance of preservation for community revitalization?

The Death and Life of American Cities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following historic sites was relocated twice, highlighting the complexities of preservation efforts?

Pope Leighey House Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Venice Charter established in 1964?

To develop guidelines for historical architectural preservation Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was a precursor to the present-day National Register of Historic Places and was established in 1949?

National Trust for Historic Preservation Signup and view all the answers

What significant addition did the Historic Sites Act of 1935 bring to the concepts of historic preservation?

Development of a national policy to preserve historic resources Signup and view all the answers

Which major urban redevelopment project replaced the predominantly Black neighborhood of Black Bottom in Detroit during the mid-20th century?

Chrysler Freeway and Lafayette Park Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key features of Mission 66, introduced in 1956?

Increased visitor services and facilities in national parks Signup and view all the answers

Which landmark event is associated with the 1963 demolition of Penn Station, prompting a significant preservation movement?

Enactment of the NYC Landmarks Law Signup and view all the answers

Which notable American landscape was documented by the Historic American Landscape Survey in 2000?

Great Serpent Mound Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant action taken by the National Park Service regarding the Cyclorama Center at Gettysburg National Military Park?

Documenting it through HABS Signup and view all the answers

Which significant bodies came together in an agreement to support the Historic American Engineering Record?

American Society of Civil Engineers, Library of Congress, NPS Signup and view all the answers

Which method of preservation was notably detailed by the National Environmental Policy Act passed in the 1960s?

Federal Review for Environmental Projects Signup and view all the answers

What does PWA stand for?

Public Works Administration Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was the precursor of the present-day NRHP?

National Trust for Historic Preservation Signup and view all the answers

The Housing Act was implemented after the Great Depression.

True Signup and view all the answers

What year was the National Historic Preservation Act created?

1966 Signup and view all the answers

The _________ was a program to celebrate the National Park's 50th birthday by expanding visitor services.

Mission 66 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following figures wrote 'Silent Spring'?

Rachel Carson Signup and view all the answers

Match the following entities with their roles or significance:

NPS = National Park Service HABS = Historic American Buildings Survey EPA = Environmental Protection Agency NTHP = National Trust for Historic Preservation Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred to Penn Station in 1963?

Demolition Signup and view all the answers

What technology does the Cultural Resources Geographic Information System (CRGIS) utilize?

GIS Mapping Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key term related to preservation?

Juxtaposition Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'facade' refer to?

The front or face of a building. Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical concepts are relevant to preservation?

Golden Ratio, Golden Section, Fibonacci Sequence. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates Capitol and capital?

Capitol refers to a building, while capital refers to a city. Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment method for preservation based on?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

When was the Governor’s Palace completed?

1722 Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction in preservation terminology?

'Interior' and 'Inside' Signup and view all the answers

Rehabilitation allows alterations to meet changing needs while preserving a property's historic character.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the significant sites protected under the Antiquities Act?

Devil’s Tower and the Grand Canyon. Signup and view all the answers

Who established the National Trust for Historic Preservation?

William Summer Appleton Jr. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'reconstruction' refer to in preservation?

Recreating non-surviving aspects based on evidence. Signup and view all the answers

The ________ act is pivotal in protecting historic and prehistoric sites.

Antiquities Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the first restoration architect?

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc Signup and view all the answers

Match the following notable preservation examples with their significance:

Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens = Multi-faceted example of historical architecture Old State House = Historical landmark associated with the Declaration of Independence Mount Vernon Ladies' Association = Early preservation efforts led by women Drayton Hall = Preservation challenges balancing historical significance with physical alterations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vocabulary and Key Terms

Juxtaposition: Relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
Facade, Fenestration, Porte Cochere: Important architectural vocabulary terms.
Mathematical Concepts: Includes the Golden Ratio, Golden Section, and Fibonacci Sequence in preservation contexts.
Distinctions: Understand the difference between "Capitol" vs. "capital," and "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation."

NPS Treatment Methods

Four preservation treatment methods defined by historical significance, physical condition, proposed use, and code requirements.

Governor’s Palace Case Study

Completed in 1722, served as the official residence in Virginia, expanded in the 18th century.
Became part of the College of William and Mary after Virginia's capital relocated in 1780.
Extensive archaeological excavation before the 1934 reconstruction, guided by historical illustrations.

Preservation Terminology

Distinct terms: "Interior" vs. "Inside," and "Muntin" vs. "Mullion" are vital in preservation discussions.
Understanding “contemporary yet compatible” reflects the balance between old and new.

Architectural Style and Historical Significance

Architectural styles vary by time periods and identifiable characteristics; historic significance ties to events, individuals, and design evolution.

Preservation Treatment Methods

Preservation: Focuses on maintenance and repair, retaining a property’s ‘as-is’ condition.
Rehabilitation: Allows alterations to meet contemporary needs while preserving historic character.
Restoration: Depicts a property during a specific historical period by removing later features.
Reconstruction: Recreates non-surviving property aspects based on historical evidence.

Notable Preservation Examples

Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: A 1915 Akron, Ohio site showcasing various historical architecture elements.
Old State House: Saved from demolition in 1818, linked to the Declaration of Independence.
Mount Vernon Ladies' Association: Established in 1853, crucial in early preservation efforts.

Influential Figures in Preservation

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc: First restoration architect who emphasized historical accuracy and creative adaptation in restoration.
John Ruskin: Advocated for moral values in architecture, opposing industrialization and championing integrated conservation.

Preservation Movements in the U.S.

Early preservation efforts included collaborations among genealogists, historians, and conservationists.
Key milestones: Yellowstone's preservation in 1872 and Casa Grande's designation as the first national monument.

Preservation History and Legal Issues

Elgin Marbles: Showcases complex legal and ethical challenges in preserving artifacts.
Canyon de Chelly: Emphasizes Native American heritage preservation.

Preservation History Early to Mid-1900s

Drayton Hall represents changing preservation philosophies focusing on stabilization.
Williamsburg restoration, led by John D. Rockefeller Jr., aimed to preserve colonial aesthetics.
National Trust for Historic Preservation and National Park Service promoted preservation efforts.

Notable Sites in Preservation History

Strawberry Hill: A Gothic Revival site requiring significant restoration efforts against decay.
TWA Terminal: A 1962 landmark demonstrating modernist architecture challenges in preservation.

Legislation and Preservation Initiatives

Antiquities Act of 1906: Established protection for historic sites through presidential proclamations.
National Historic Preservation Act (1966): Most significant preservation legislation regulating historic districts and activities.

Key Organizations and Programs

Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS): Documents significant structures to safeguard architectural heritage.
National Trust for Historic Preservation: Supports local preservation efforts through non-profit initiatives.

Urban Renewal and Community Preservation

Housing Act and Tanyard Bottom: Illustrate urban renewal's impact on low-income neighborhoods and demographic shifts.
Jane Jacobs: Advocated for preservation as a means of community revitalization, emphasizing mixed-use development.

Significant Preservation Strategies

Venice Charter of 1964: Established influential guidelines in preservation focusing on buildings and materials.
Mission 66: A program celebrating national parks by rebuilding and improving visitor services.

Conclusion

Historic preservation combines legal frameworks, community involvement, and a commitment to balance contemporary needs with historical integrity.

Vocabulary and Terminology

Juxtaposition relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
Key terms include "facade," "fenestration," and "porte cochere."
Mathematical concepts in preservation: Golden Ratio, Golden Section, Fibonacci Sequence.
Distinct meanings: "Capitol" (building) vs. "capital" (city/financial), "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation."

NPS Treatment Methods

Four primary treatment methods depend on historical significance, physical condition, proposed use, and code requirements.

Governor's Palace Case Study

Completed in 1722, the Governor's Palace was the residence for royal governors in Virginia.
Significant mid-18th century addition included a 75-foot wing.
Became part of the College of William and Mary post-1780.
Archaeological reconstruction efforts focused on the original foundation and historical illustrations, such as a 1730s copperplate.

Preservation Terminology

Differentiate between "Interior" (context of preservation) and "Inside."
Distinctions: "muntin" (window) vs. "mullion" (vertical bar).
“Contemporary yet compatible” reflects harmony between old and new.

Architectural Style and Historic Significance

Architectural style defined by time periods and key characteristics.
Historic significance can stem from notable events, individuals, or design evolution.
Key concepts influencing treatment methods include style, significance, and integrity.

Preservation Treatment Methods

Preservation maintains and repairs historic materials, emphasizing 'as-is' condition.
Rehabilitation allows for alterations while preserving historic character.
Restoration depicts properties at specific periods, limiting upgrades and removing incongruous features.
Reconstruction recreates non-surviving aspects based on evidence.

Notable Preservation Examples

Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: Historic architecture in Ohio, including various structures.
Old State House (Philadelphia): Saved from demolition and restored, linked to the Declaration of Independence.
Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (1853): Early preservation illustrating women's roles in fundraising and restoration.

Influential Figures in Preservation

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879): Pioneer in restoration architecture, emphasizing factual historical accuracy blended with creativity.
John Ruskin (1819-1900): Advocated for preserving the artistic character of architecture against industrial materials.

Historical Preservation Movements in the U.S.

Early collaborations by genealogists and conservationists; significant projects like the preservation of Yellowstone (1872).
Casa Grande became the first national monument; Mesa Verde was recognized to prevent looting.

Preservation History and Legal Issues

Elgin Marbles Debate: Highlights ethical complexities in ownership and repatriation.
Canyon de Chelly: Managed by the Navajo Nation, emphasizing Native American heritage preservation.

Preservation History (Early to Mid-1900s)

Drayton Hall reflects changes in preservation philosophy, with a focus on stabilization.
Williamsburg restoration set principles for maintaining colonial aesthetics and integrity.

Additional Notable Structures

TWA Terminal: Significant advancement in airport design, underwent renovation despite threats of demolition.

Antiquities Act (1906)

Allowed presidential protection of historic and prehistoric sites; significant locations include Devil’s Tower and the Grand Canyon.

Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)

Initiated in 1933 to document structures, contributing to architectural heritage understanding and preservation.

Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities

Established in 1910 to preserve historic buildings through reversible restoration methods.

Public Works Initiatives

1933 Civil Works Administration employed artists for public building enhancement.
1935 Works Progress Administration facilitated numerous cultural projects during the Great Depression.

Jane Jacobs and Rachel Carson

Jane Jacobs: Advocated using preservation for urban revitalization and mixed-use development.
Rachel Carson: Highlighted environmental destruction in "Silent Spring," leading to policy changes and the creation of the EPA.

Venice Charter (1964)

Developed preservation guidelines focusing on buildings and materials but neglecting context and social issues.

Presidio (San Francisco)

Established as a military base, became a national historic landmark, managed to become self-sufficient post-federal funding.

National Historic Preservation Act (1966)

Established funds and local regulation for preservation activities, leading to the creation of State Historic Preservation Offices.

Association for Preservation Technology

Multi-disciplinary organization promoting the longevity and care of the built environment through knowledge sharing and partnerships.

National Environmental Policy Act (1961)

Protects national environments through review processes on federal projects.

US Bicentennial (1976)

Increased interest in history, preservation, and heritage through cultural events and local historical efforts.

Vocabulary and Terminology

Juxtaposition relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
Key terms include "facade," "fenestration," and "porte cochere."
Mathematical concepts in preservation: Golden Ratio, Golden Section, Fibonacci Sequence.
Distinct meanings: "Capitol" (building) vs. "capital" (city/financial), "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation."

NPS Treatment Methods

Four primary treatment methods depend on historical significance, physical condition, proposed use, and code requirements.

Governor's Palace Case Study

Completed in 1722, the Governor's Palace was the residence for royal governors in Virginia.
Significant mid-18th century addition included a 75-foot wing.
Became part of the College of William and Mary post-1780.
Archaeological reconstruction efforts focused on the original foundation and historical illustrations, such as a 1730s copperplate.

Preservation Terminology

Differentiate between "Interior" (context of preservation) and "Inside."
Distinctions: "muntin" (window) vs. "mullion" (vertical bar).
“Contemporary yet compatible” reflects harmony between old and new.

Architectural Style and Historic Significance

Architectural style defined by time periods and key characteristics.
Historic significance can stem from notable events, individuals, or design evolution.
Key concepts influencing treatment methods include style, significance, and integrity.

Preservation Treatment Methods

Preservation maintains and repairs historic materials, emphasizing 'as-is' condition.
Rehabilitation allows for alterations while preserving historic character.
Restoration depicts properties at specific periods, limiting upgrades and removing incongruous features.
Reconstruction recreates non-surviving aspects based on evidence.

Notable Preservation Examples

Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: Historic architecture in Ohio, including various structures.
Old State House (Philadelphia): Saved from demolition and restored, linked to the Declaration of Independence.
Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (1853): Early preservation illustrating women's roles in fundraising and restoration.

Influential Figures in Preservation

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879): Pioneer in restoration architecture, emphasizing factual historical accuracy blended with creativity.
John Ruskin (1819-1900): Advocated for preserving the artistic character of architecture against industrial materials.

Historical Preservation Movements in the U.S.

Early collaborations by genealogists and conservationists; significant projects like the preservation of Yellowstone (1872).
Casa Grande became the first national monument; Mesa Verde was recognized to prevent looting.

Preservation History and Legal Issues

Elgin Marbles Debate: Highlights ethical complexities in ownership and repatriation.
Canyon de Chelly: Managed by the Navajo Nation, emphasizing Native American heritage preservation.

Preservation History (Early to Mid-1900s)

Drayton Hall reflects changes in preservation philosophy, with a focus on stabilization.
Williamsburg restoration set principles for maintaining colonial aesthetics and integrity.

Additional Notable Structures

TWA Terminal: Significant advancement in airport design, underwent renovation despite threats of demolition.

Antiquities Act (1906)

Allowed presidential protection of historic and prehistoric sites; significant locations include Devil’s Tower and the Grand Canyon.

Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)

Initiated in 1933 to document structures, contributing to architectural heritage understanding and preservation.

Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities

Established in 1910 to preserve historic buildings through reversible restoration methods.

Public Works Initiatives

1933 Civil Works Administration employed artists for public building enhancement.
1935 Works Progress Administration facilitated numerous cultural projects during the Great Depression.

Jane Jacobs and Rachel Carson

Jane Jacobs: Advocated using preservation for urban revitalization and mixed-use development.
Rachel Carson: Highlighted environmental destruction in "Silent Spring," leading to policy changes and the creation of the EPA.

Venice Charter (1964)

Developed preservation guidelines focusing on buildings and materials but neglecting context and social issues.

Presidio (San Francisco)

Established as a military base, became a national historic landmark, managed to become self-sufficient post-federal funding.

National Historic Preservation Act (1966)

Established funds and local regulation for preservation activities, leading to the creation of State Historic Preservation Offices.

Association for Preservation Technology

Multi-disciplinary organization promoting the longevity and care of the built environment through knowledge sharing and partnerships.

National Environmental Policy Act (1961)

Protects national environments through review processes on federal projects.

US Bicentennial (1976)

Increased interest in history, preservation, and heritage through cultural events and local historical efforts.

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Description

Dive into the essential vocabulary and mathematical concepts vital for understanding preservation. This lecture explores key terms like 'juxtaposition' and architectural features such as 'facade' and 'fenestration.' Additionally, it covers important mathematical principles like the 'Golden Ratio' and 'Fibonacci Sequence.'