Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of preservation treatment methods?
What is the primary focus of preservation treatment methods?
- Complete reconstruction of the structure
- Maintaining and repairing historic materials (correct)
- Modifying the building for new uses
- Updating the architectural style to modern standards
Which term best distinguishes the difference between a building and a financial city?
Which term best distinguishes the difference between a building and a financial city?
- Porte cochere
- Capitol (correct)
- Capital
- Facade
What is the significance of the 'Golden Ratio' in preservation?
What is the significance of the 'Golden Ratio' in preservation?
- It is used for financial evaluations in preservation projects.
- It relates to aesthetic proportions in architecture. (correct)
- It is a method for structural calculation.
- It defines historical significance of buildings.
Which treatment method is NOT one of the determined factors for preservation?
Which treatment method is NOT one of the determined factors for preservation?
What role did archaeological work play in the reconstruction of the Governor's Palace?
What role did archaeological work play in the reconstruction of the Governor's Palace?
How does the phrase 'contemporary yet compatible' relate to preservation?
How does the phrase 'contemporary yet compatible' relate to preservation?
What helps define the architectural style of a historic building?
What helps define the architectural style of a historic building?
Which term is used to describe the parts of a window that divide the glass panes?
Which term is used to describe the parts of a window that divide the glass panes?
What preservation philosophy is exemplified by Drayton Hall?
What preservation philosophy is exemplified by Drayton Hall?
Which organization significantly contributed to preservation efforts in the United States?
Which organization significantly contributed to preservation efforts in the United States?
What unique aspect did the restoration efforts in Williamsburg focus on?
What unique aspect did the restoration efforts in Williamsburg focus on?
What characterizes digital restoration as a method in preservation?
What characterizes digital restoration as a method in preservation?
What issue was highlighted by the Elgin Marbles debate?
What issue was highlighted by the Elgin Marbles debate?
Which architectural movement is exemplified by Strawberry Hill?
Which architectural movement is exemplified by Strawberry Hill?
What was a significant challenge faced by Drayton Hall concerning its preservation?
What was a significant challenge faced by Drayton Hall concerning its preservation?
What led to the significant restoration efforts at Strawberry Hill?
What led to the significant restoration efforts at Strawberry Hill?
What was a significant feature of the TWA Terminal designed by Eero Saarinen?
What was a significant feature of the TWA Terminal designed by Eero Saarinen?
Which act, enacted in 1906, allows for the protection of historic landmarks through presidential proclamations?
Which act, enacted in 1906, allows for the protection of historic landmarks through presidential proclamations?
What was one of the main aims of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities established in 1910?
What was one of the main aims of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities established in 1910?
What impact did the Civil Works Administration have during the Great Depression?
What impact did the Civil Works Administration have during the Great Depression?
What was the primary goal of the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) initiated in 1933?
What was the primary goal of the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) initiated in 1933?
What architectural trend did the Decalogue emphasize in restoration practices?
What architectural trend did the Decalogue emphasize in restoration practices?
Which organization was established to address the need for preservation expertise in historic structures?
Which organization was established to address the need for preservation expertise in historic structures?
What significant locations have been protected under the Antiquities Act?
What significant locations have been protected under the Antiquities Act?
What is the primary focus of restoration in the context of preservation?
What is the primary focus of restoration in the context of preservation?
Which of the following statements best describes the goal of reconstruction?
Which of the following statements best describes the goal of reconstruction?
What was significant about the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union?
What was significant about the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union?
Who is considered the first restoration architect and a significant figure in preservation?
Who is considered the first restoration architect and a significant figure in preservation?
Which historical event notably contributed to the establishment of preservation movements in the United States?
Which historical event notably contributed to the establishment of preservation movements in the United States?
What ethical concerns are associated with the Elgin Marbles in the context of preservation?
What ethical concerns are associated with the Elgin Marbles in the context of preservation?
What was a common characteristic of the early preservation collaborations in the United States?
What was a common characteristic of the early preservation collaborations in the United States?
According to John Ruskin’s philosophy, what did he advocate for in architecture?
According to John Ruskin’s philosophy, what did he advocate for in architecture?
What was the original purpose of the White Portion of Strawberry Hill?
What was the original purpose of the White Portion of Strawberry Hill?
Which organization is responsible for the National Historic Preservation Act?
Which organization is responsible for the National Historic Preservation Act?
What was the focus of the Historic American Landscape Survey developed in 2000?
What was the focus of the Historic American Landscape Survey developed in 2000?
Who was the architect of the Gettysburg National Military Park's Cyclorama Center?
Who was the architect of the Gettysburg National Military Park's Cyclorama Center?
What significant action did the National Trust for Historic Preservation take in 1949?
What significant action did the National Trust for Historic Preservation take in 1949?
Which of the following is a key belief held by Jane Jacobs?
Which of the following is a key belief held by Jane Jacobs?
What was one of the primary goals of the National Environmental Policy Act passed in the 1960s?
What was one of the primary goals of the National Environmental Policy Act passed in the 1960s?
What did the Venice Charter focus on in its guidelines for preservation?
What did the Venice Charter focus on in its guidelines for preservation?
How did the development of the Historic Sites Act in 1935 impact historic preservation?
How did the development of the Historic Sites Act in 1935 impact historic preservation?
What significant element did Mission 66 introduce to national parks?
What significant element did Mission 66 introduce to national parks?
What circumstance led to the establishment of Techwood Homes in 1935?
What circumstance led to the establishment of Techwood Homes in 1935?
What was the core purpose of the Association for Preservation Technology?
What was the core purpose of the Association for Preservation Technology?
What was the main focus of the Historic American Engineering Record?
What was the main focus of the Historic American Engineering Record?
Which landmark event is associated with the demolition of Penn Station in 1963?
Which landmark event is associated with the demolition of Penn Station in 1963?
What is a key difference between restoration and rehabilitation in the context of preservation?
What is a key difference between restoration and rehabilitation in the context of preservation?
Which individual is primarily noted for establishing the principles of historic restoration?
Which individual is primarily noted for establishing the principles of historic restoration?
What was a significant early project associated with the foundation of preservation in the United States?
What was a significant early project associated with the foundation of preservation in the United States?
What major contribution did John Ruskin make to the philosophy of architecture?
What major contribution did John Ruskin make to the philosophy of architecture?
What was the primary purpose of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union founded in 1853?
What was the primary purpose of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union founded in 1853?
How did legal issues become complex in the context of the Elgin Marbles?
How did legal issues become complex in the context of the Elgin Marbles?
Which project is recognized as one of the first national monuments in the United States?
Which project is recognized as one of the first national monuments in the United States?
What characteristic defines reconstruction as a method in preservation?
What characteristic defines reconstruction as a method in preservation?
What is the primary distinction between 'restoration' and 'rehabilitation' in preservation practices?
What is the primary distinction between 'restoration' and 'rehabilitation' in preservation practices?
Which mathematical concept is critically relevant to the aesthetics of preservation and architectural design?
Which mathematical concept is critically relevant to the aesthetics of preservation and architectural design?
In the context of preservation, what is meant by 'contemporary yet compatible'?
In the context of preservation, what is meant by 'contemporary yet compatible'?
Which term best describes the architectural elements that separate and support window panes?
Which term best describes the architectural elements that separate and support window panes?
What challenge does Drayton Hall exemplify in the context of preservation?
What challenge does Drayton Hall exemplify in the context of preservation?
What role did archaeological work play in the preservation of the Governor's Palace?
What role did archaeological work play in the preservation of the Governor's Palace?
What distinguishes the preservation philosophy applied to Drayton Hall?
What distinguishes the preservation philosophy applied to Drayton Hall?
What defines the architectural style of a historic building?
What defines the architectural style of a historic building?
Which historical event prompted significant changes in preservation legislation and practices in the United States?
Which historical event prompted significant changes in preservation legislation and practices in the United States?
Which of the following aspects highlighted the ongoing battle against decay in historic structures?
Which of the following aspects highlighted the ongoing battle against decay in historic structures?
What is one of the primary focuses of preservation treatment methods?
What is one of the primary focuses of preservation treatment methods?
What role did John D. Rockefeller, Jr. play in the preservation of Williamsburg?
What role did John D. Rockefeller, Jr. play in the preservation of Williamsburg?
How does digital restoration differ from traditional preservation methods?
How does digital restoration differ from traditional preservation methods?
What was a significant technological innovation featured in the TWA Terminal designed by Eero Saarinen?
What was a significant technological innovation featured in the TWA Terminal designed by Eero Saarinen?
What was a notable feature of Strawberry Hill in the context of architectural movements?
What was a notable feature of Strawberry Hill in the context of architectural movements?
Which historic site was specifically protected under the Antiquities Act?
Which historic site was specifically protected under the Antiquities Act?
Which organization notably contributed to the preservation efforts in the United States during the early 1900s?
Which organization notably contributed to the preservation efforts in the United States during the early 1900s?
What was the primary focus of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities?
What was the primary focus of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities?
What is a critical ethical consideration illustrated by the Elgin Marbles debate?
What is a critical ethical consideration illustrated by the Elgin Marbles debate?
What was one of the major initiatives established during the Great Depression that contributed to the arts?
What was one of the major initiatives established during the Great Depression that contributed to the arts?
When was the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) initiated?
When was the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) initiated?
Which of the following best describes the Decalogue's approach to restoration?
Which of the following best describes the Decalogue's approach to restoration?
What was a notable outcome of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) during its time?
What was a notable outcome of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) during its time?
What critical role did the Antiquities Act play in historic preservation?
What critical role did the Antiquities Act play in historic preservation?
Which program was established to document historic engineering structures in collaboration with the Library of Congress?
Which program was established to document historic engineering structures in collaboration with the Library of Congress?
What was the principal outcome of the Housing Act of 1937 in relation to urban developments?
What was the principal outcome of the Housing Act of 1937 in relation to urban developments?
What influential text, published in 1961, argued against urban renewal and emphasized the importance of preservation for community revitalization?
What influential text, published in 1961, argued against urban renewal and emphasized the importance of preservation for community revitalization?
Which of the following historic sites was relocated twice, highlighting the complexities of preservation efforts?
Which of the following historic sites was relocated twice, highlighting the complexities of preservation efforts?
What was the primary purpose of the Venice Charter established in 1964?
What was the primary purpose of the Venice Charter established in 1964?
Which organization was a precursor to the present-day National Register of Historic Places and was established in 1949?
Which organization was a precursor to the present-day National Register of Historic Places and was established in 1949?
What significant addition did the Historic Sites Act of 1935 bring to the concepts of historic preservation?
What significant addition did the Historic Sites Act of 1935 bring to the concepts of historic preservation?
Which major urban redevelopment project replaced the predominantly Black neighborhood of Black Bottom in Detroit during the mid-20th century?
Which major urban redevelopment project replaced the predominantly Black neighborhood of Black Bottom in Detroit during the mid-20th century?
What was one of the key features of Mission 66, introduced in 1956?
What was one of the key features of Mission 66, introduced in 1956?
Which landmark event is associated with the 1963 demolition of Penn Station, prompting a significant preservation movement?
Which landmark event is associated with the 1963 demolition of Penn Station, prompting a significant preservation movement?
Which notable American landscape was documented by the Historic American Landscape Survey in 2000?
Which notable American landscape was documented by the Historic American Landscape Survey in 2000?
What was a significant action taken by the National Park Service regarding the Cyclorama Center at Gettysburg National Military Park?
What was a significant action taken by the National Park Service regarding the Cyclorama Center at Gettysburg National Military Park?
Which significant bodies came together in an agreement to support the Historic American Engineering Record?
Which significant bodies came together in an agreement to support the Historic American Engineering Record?
Which method of preservation was notably detailed by the National Environmental Policy Act passed in the 1960s?
Which method of preservation was notably detailed by the National Environmental Policy Act passed in the 1960s?
What does PWA stand for?
What does PWA stand for?
Which organization was the precursor of the present-day NRHP?
Which organization was the precursor of the present-day NRHP?
The Housing Act was implemented after the Great Depression.
The Housing Act was implemented after the Great Depression.
What year was the National Historic Preservation Act created?
What year was the National Historic Preservation Act created?
The _________ was a program to celebrate the National Park's 50th birthday by expanding visitor services.
The _________ was a program to celebrate the National Park's 50th birthday by expanding visitor services.
Which of the following figures wrote 'Silent Spring'?
Which of the following figures wrote 'Silent Spring'?
Match the following entities with their roles or significance:
Match the following entities with their roles or significance:
What significant event occurred to Penn Station in 1963?
What significant event occurred to Penn Station in 1963?
What technology does the Cultural Resources Geographic Information System (CRGIS) utilize?
What technology does the Cultural Resources Geographic Information System (CRGIS) utilize?
Which of the following is a key term related to preservation?
Which of the following is a key term related to preservation?
What does the term 'facade' refer to?
What does the term 'facade' refer to?
What mathematical concepts are relevant to preservation?
What mathematical concepts are relevant to preservation?
Which statement correctly differentiates Capitol and capital?
Which statement correctly differentiates Capitol and capital?
What is the treatment method for preservation based on?
What is the treatment method for preservation based on?
When was the Governor’s Palace completed?
When was the Governor’s Palace completed?
What is a key distinction in preservation terminology?
What is a key distinction in preservation terminology?
Rehabilitation allows alterations to meet changing needs while preserving a property's historic character.
Rehabilitation allows alterations to meet changing needs while preserving a property's historic character.
What are the significant sites protected under the Antiquities Act?
What are the significant sites protected under the Antiquities Act?
Who established the National Trust for Historic Preservation?
Who established the National Trust for Historic Preservation?
What does the term 'reconstruction' refer to in preservation?
What does the term 'reconstruction' refer to in preservation?
The ________ act is pivotal in protecting historic and prehistoric sites.
The ________ act is pivotal in protecting historic and prehistoric sites.
Who is considered the first restoration architect?
Who is considered the first restoration architect?
Match the following notable preservation examples with their significance:
Match the following notable preservation examples with their significance:
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Study Notes
Vocabulary and Key Terms
- Juxtaposition: Relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
- Facade, Fenestration, Porte Cochere: Important architectural vocabulary terms.
- Mathematical Concepts: Includes the Golden Ratio, Golden Section, and Fibonacci Sequence in preservation contexts.
- Distinctions: Understand the difference between "Capitol" vs. "capital," and "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation."
NPS Treatment Methods
- Four preservation treatment methods defined by historical significance, physical condition, proposed use, and code requirements.
Governor’s Palace Case Study
- Completed in 1722, served as the official residence in Virginia, expanded in the 18th century.
- Became part of the College of William and Mary after Virginia's capital relocated in 1780.
- Extensive archaeological excavation before the 1934 reconstruction, guided by historical illustrations.
Preservation Terminology
- Distinct terms: "Interior" vs. "Inside," and "Muntin" vs. "Mullion" are vital in preservation discussions.
- Understanding “contemporary yet compatible” reflects the balance between old and new.
Architectural Style and Historical Significance
- Architectural styles vary by time periods and identifiable characteristics; historic significance ties to events, individuals, and design evolution.
Preservation Treatment Methods
- Preservation: Focuses on maintenance and repair, retaining a property’s ‘as-is’ condition.
- Rehabilitation: Allows alterations to meet contemporary needs while preserving historic character.
- Restoration: Depicts a property during a specific historical period by removing later features.
- Reconstruction: Recreates non-surviving property aspects based on historical evidence.
Notable Preservation Examples
- Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: A 1915 Akron, Ohio site showcasing various historical architecture elements.
- Old State House: Saved from demolition in 1818, linked to the Declaration of Independence.
- Mount Vernon Ladies' Association: Established in 1853, crucial in early preservation efforts.
Influential Figures in Preservation
- Eugène Viollet-le-Duc: First restoration architect who emphasized historical accuracy and creative adaptation in restoration.
- John Ruskin: Advocated for moral values in architecture, opposing industrialization and championing integrated conservation.
Preservation Movements in the U.S.
- Early preservation efforts included collaborations among genealogists, historians, and conservationists.
- Key milestones: Yellowstone's preservation in 1872 and Casa Grande's designation as the first national monument.
Preservation History and Legal Issues
- Elgin Marbles: Showcases complex legal and ethical challenges in preserving artifacts.
- Canyon de Chelly: Emphasizes Native American heritage preservation.
Preservation History Early to Mid-1900s
- Drayton Hall represents changing preservation philosophies focusing on stabilization.
- Williamsburg restoration, led by John D. Rockefeller Jr., aimed to preserve colonial aesthetics.
- National Trust for Historic Preservation and National Park Service promoted preservation efforts.
Notable Sites in Preservation History
- Strawberry Hill: A Gothic Revival site requiring significant restoration efforts against decay.
- TWA Terminal: A 1962 landmark demonstrating modernist architecture challenges in preservation.
Legislation and Preservation Initiatives
- Antiquities Act of 1906: Established protection for historic sites through presidential proclamations.
- National Historic Preservation Act (1966): Most significant preservation legislation regulating historic districts and activities.
Key Organizations and Programs
- Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS): Documents significant structures to safeguard architectural heritage.
- National Trust for Historic Preservation: Supports local preservation efforts through non-profit initiatives.
Urban Renewal and Community Preservation
- Housing Act and Tanyard Bottom: Illustrate urban renewal's impact on low-income neighborhoods and demographic shifts.
- Jane Jacobs: Advocated for preservation as a means of community revitalization, emphasizing mixed-use development.
Significant Preservation Strategies
- Venice Charter of 1964: Established influential guidelines in preservation focusing on buildings and materials.
- Mission 66: A program celebrating national parks by rebuilding and improving visitor services.
Conclusion
- Historic preservation combines legal frameworks, community involvement, and a commitment to balance contemporary needs with historical integrity.
Vocabulary and Terminology
- Juxtaposition relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
- Key terms include "facade," "fenestration," and "porte cochere."
- Mathematical concepts in preservation: Golden Ratio, Golden Section, Fibonacci Sequence.
- Distinct meanings: "Capitol" (building) vs. "capital" (city/financial), "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation."
NPS Treatment Methods
- Four primary treatment methods depend on historical significance, physical condition, proposed use, and code requirements.
Governor's Palace Case Study
- Completed in 1722, the Governor's Palace was the residence for royal governors in Virginia.
- Significant mid-18th century addition included a 75-foot wing.
- Became part of the College of William and Mary post-1780.
- Archaeological reconstruction efforts focused on the original foundation and historical illustrations, such as a 1730s copperplate.
Preservation Terminology
- Differentiate between "Interior" (context of preservation) and "Inside."
- Distinctions: "muntin" (window) vs. "mullion" (vertical bar).
- “Contemporary yet compatible” reflects harmony between old and new.
Architectural Style and Historic Significance
- Architectural style defined by time periods and key characteristics.
- Historic significance can stem from notable events, individuals, or design evolution.
- Key concepts influencing treatment methods include style, significance, and integrity.
Preservation Treatment Methods
- Preservation maintains and repairs historic materials, emphasizing 'as-is' condition.
- Rehabilitation allows for alterations while preserving historic character.
- Restoration depicts properties at specific periods, limiting upgrades and removing incongruous features.
- Reconstruction recreates non-surviving aspects based on evidence.
Notable Preservation Examples
- Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: Historic architecture in Ohio, including various structures.
- Old State House (Philadelphia): Saved from demolition and restored, linked to the Declaration of Independence.
- Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (1853): Early preservation illustrating women's roles in fundraising and restoration.
Influential Figures in Preservation
- Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879): Pioneer in restoration architecture, emphasizing factual historical accuracy blended with creativity.
- John Ruskin (1819-1900): Advocated for preserving the artistic character of architecture against industrial materials.
Historical Preservation Movements in the U.S.
- Early collaborations by genealogists and conservationists; significant projects like the preservation of Yellowstone (1872).
- Casa Grande became the first national monument; Mesa Verde was recognized to prevent looting.
Preservation History and Legal Issues
- Elgin Marbles Debate: Highlights ethical complexities in ownership and repatriation.
- Canyon de Chelly: Managed by the Navajo Nation, emphasizing Native American heritage preservation.
Preservation History (Early to Mid-1900s)
- Drayton Hall reflects changes in preservation philosophy, with a focus on stabilization.
- Williamsburg restoration set principles for maintaining colonial aesthetics and integrity.
Additional Notable Structures
- TWA Terminal: Significant advancement in airport design, underwent renovation despite threats of demolition.
Antiquities Act (1906)
- Allowed presidential protection of historic and prehistoric sites; significant locations include Devil’s Tower and the Grand Canyon.
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)
- Initiated in 1933 to document structures, contributing to architectural heritage understanding and preservation.
Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities
- Established in 1910 to preserve historic buildings through reversible restoration methods.
Public Works Initiatives
- 1933 Civil Works Administration employed artists for public building enhancement.
- 1935 Works Progress Administration facilitated numerous cultural projects during the Great Depression.
Jane Jacobs and Rachel Carson
- Jane Jacobs: Advocated using preservation for urban revitalization and mixed-use development.
- Rachel Carson: Highlighted environmental destruction in "Silent Spring," leading to policy changes and the creation of the EPA.
Venice Charter (1964)
- Developed preservation guidelines focusing on buildings and materials but neglecting context and social issues.
Presidio (San Francisco)
- Established as a military base, became a national historic landmark, managed to become self-sufficient post-federal funding.
National Historic Preservation Act (1966)
- Established funds and local regulation for preservation activities, leading to the creation of State Historic Preservation Offices.
Association for Preservation Technology
- Multi-disciplinary organization promoting the longevity and care of the built environment through knowledge sharing and partnerships.
National Environmental Policy Act (1961)
- Protects national environments through review processes on federal projects.
US Bicentennial (1976)
- Increased interest in history, preservation, and heritage through cultural events and local historical efforts.
Vocabulary and Terminology
- Juxtaposition relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
- Key terms include "facade," "fenestration," and "porte cochere."
- Mathematical concepts in preservation: Golden Ratio, Golden Section, Fibonacci Sequence.
- Distinct meanings: "Capitol" (building) vs. "capital" (city/financial), "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation."
NPS Treatment Methods
- Four primary treatment methods depend on historical significance, physical condition, proposed use, and code requirements.
Governor's Palace Case Study
- Completed in 1722, the Governor's Palace was the residence for royal governors in Virginia.
- Significant mid-18th century addition included a 75-foot wing.
- Became part of the College of William and Mary post-1780.
- Archaeological reconstruction efforts focused on the original foundation and historical illustrations, such as a 1730s copperplate.
Preservation Terminology
- Differentiate between "Interior" (context of preservation) and "Inside."
- Distinctions: "muntin" (window) vs. "mullion" (vertical bar).
- “Contemporary yet compatible” reflects harmony between old and new.
Architectural Style and Historic Significance
- Architectural style defined by time periods and key characteristics.
- Historic significance can stem from notable events, individuals, or design evolution.
- Key concepts influencing treatment methods include style, significance, and integrity.
Preservation Treatment Methods
- Preservation maintains and repairs historic materials, emphasizing 'as-is' condition.
- Rehabilitation allows for alterations while preserving historic character.
- Restoration depicts properties at specific periods, limiting upgrades and removing incongruous features.
- Reconstruction recreates non-surviving aspects based on evidence.
Notable Preservation Examples
- Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: Historic architecture in Ohio, including various structures.
- Old State House (Philadelphia): Saved from demolition and restored, linked to the Declaration of Independence.
- Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (1853): Early preservation illustrating women's roles in fundraising and restoration.
Influential Figures in Preservation
- Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879): Pioneer in restoration architecture, emphasizing factual historical accuracy blended with creativity.
- John Ruskin (1819-1900): Advocated for preserving the artistic character of architecture against industrial materials.
Historical Preservation Movements in the U.S.
- Early collaborations by genealogists and conservationists; significant projects like the preservation of Yellowstone (1872).
- Casa Grande became the first national monument; Mesa Verde was recognized to prevent looting.
Preservation History and Legal Issues
- Elgin Marbles Debate: Highlights ethical complexities in ownership and repatriation.
- Canyon de Chelly: Managed by the Navajo Nation, emphasizing Native American heritage preservation.
Preservation History (Early to Mid-1900s)
- Drayton Hall reflects changes in preservation philosophy, with a focus on stabilization.
- Williamsburg restoration set principles for maintaining colonial aesthetics and integrity.
Additional Notable Structures
- TWA Terminal: Significant advancement in airport design, underwent renovation despite threats of demolition.
Antiquities Act (1906)
- Allowed presidential protection of historic and prehistoric sites; significant locations include Devil’s Tower and the Grand Canyon.
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)
- Initiated in 1933 to document structures, contributing to architectural heritage understanding and preservation.
Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities
- Established in 1910 to preserve historic buildings through reversible restoration methods.
Public Works Initiatives
- 1933 Civil Works Administration employed artists for public building enhancement.
- 1935 Works Progress Administration facilitated numerous cultural projects during the Great Depression.
Jane Jacobs and Rachel Carson
- Jane Jacobs: Advocated using preservation for urban revitalization and mixed-use development.
- Rachel Carson: Highlighted environmental destruction in "Silent Spring," leading to policy changes and the creation of the EPA.
Venice Charter (1964)
- Developed preservation guidelines focusing on buildings and materials but neglecting context and social issues.
Presidio (San Francisco)
- Established as a military base, became a national historic landmark, managed to become self-sufficient post-federal funding.
National Historic Preservation Act (1966)
- Established funds and local regulation for preservation activities, leading to the creation of State Historic Preservation Offices.
Association for Preservation Technology
- Multi-disciplinary organization promoting the longevity and care of the built environment through knowledge sharing and partnerships.
National Environmental Policy Act (1961)
- Protects national environments through review processes on federal projects.
US Bicentennial (1976)
- Increased interest in history, preservation, and heritage through cultural events and local historical efforts.
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