Introduction to Preservation Lecture 1 Vocabulary

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Questions and Answers

What is the Historic Sites Act and when was it established?

The Historic Sites Act is a national policy to preserve historic sites, buildings, and objects of significance, established in 1935.

Which organization is known as a precursor of the present-day National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)?

National Trust for Historic Preservation (correct)

National Park Service

Historic American Buildings Survey

Public Works Administration

The Venice Charter developed a set of guidelines that included considerations for social and financial issues.

False

Which movement is Jane Jacobs associated with?

Preservation for Revitalization Signup and view all the answers

What significant legislation was passed in 1966 related to historic preservation?

The National Historic Preservation Act. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following acronyms with their meanings:

PWA = Public Works Administration WPA = Works Progress Administration NPS = National Park Service HABS = Historic American Buildings Survey Signup and view all the answers

The __________ was a significant book published by Rachel Carson in 1962 focusing on the destruction of the natural environment.

Silent Spring Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the National Environmental Policy Act passed in the 1960s?

Preserve the National Environment Signup and view all the answers

Which historic site in San Francisco became a National Historic Landmark in 1962?

Presidio. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are key terms to be mastered in the context of preservation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical concepts are relevant to preservation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The treatment method for preservation is determined only by financial factors.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Governor's Palace?

It served as the official residence for royal governors in Virginia. Signup and view all the answers

The phrase 'contemporary yet compatible' reflects the balance of _ vs. _ in preservation efforts.

old, new Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the notable preservation examples mentioned.

Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens Signup and view all the answers

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc was the first restoration architect.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was established in 1906 to protect historic sites?

Antiquities Act Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical preservation movements with their descriptions:

National Trust for Historic Preservation = Promotes preservation efforts across the U.S. Historic American Buildings Survey = Documents significant American structures Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities = Preserves historic buildings through reversible restoration strategies Works Progress Administration = Facilitated infrastructure and art projects during the Great Depression Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main treatment methods for preservation?

Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, Reconstruction Signup and view all the answers

Drayton Hall exemplifies preservation challenges, particularly balancing historical significance with ___ alterations.

physical Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vocabulary and Key Concepts

Juxtaposition: Relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
Facade, fenestration, porte cochere: Important architectural terms.
Mathematical concepts like Golden Ratio, Golden Section, and Fibonacci Sequence influence preservation techniques.
Understanding differences between similar terms is essential (e.g., "Capitol" vs. "capital," "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation").

NPS Treatment Methods

Preservation methods depend on historical importance, physical state, intended use, and code requirements.
Four main treatment methods: Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, and Reconstruction.

Case Studies

Governor's Palace: Built in 1722 in Virginia, highlighted significant expansions and archaeological work before its 1934 reconstruction.
Historical illustrations guided the reconstruction to reflect its original form.

Preservation Terminology

Differentiating terms like "Interior" vs. "Inside" and "muntin" vs. "mullion" is crucial in architectural preservation.
"Contemporary yet compatible" emphasizes harmony between old and new designs.

Architectural Style and Historic Significance

Architectural style reflects specific characteristics tied to time periods and popular regions.
Historic significance arises from notable events or influential figures associated with a property.

Preservation Treatment Methods

Preservation involves maintaining historic materials; rehabilitation allows for adaptive uses while keeping historical character.
Restoration focuses on depicting a property's specific historical era, and reconstruction aims to recreate non-surviving elements based on evidence.

Notable Preservation Examples

Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: Multifaceted architectural example from 1915 in Ohio.
Old State House: Saved from demolition in Philadelphia, now a landmark tied to American independence.
Mount Vernon Ladies' Association: Early grassroots preservation organization founded in 1853.

Influential Figures in Preservation

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc: Established principles for historical restoration, emphasizing the use of authentic materials.
John Ruskin: Advocated for the moral aspect of architecture and criticized industrialization, promoting integrated conservation.

Historical Preservation Movements in the U.S.

Early preservation efforts involved collaborations among genealogists, historians, and conservationists.
Key milestones include the establishment of Yellowstone National Park and Casa Grande as the first national monument.

Preservation History and Legal Issues

The Elgin Marbles represent ongoing debates about artifact ownership and cultural significance.
Canyon de Chelly highlights the importance of preserving Native American heritage through indigenous management practices.

Early to Mid-1900s Preservation Efforts

Rising preservation philosophy is illustrated by Drayton Hall's emphasis on stabilization.
Williamsburg restoration initiated colonial aesthetic standards for historic towns.
TWA Terminal's renovation demonstrates challenges in preserving modernist architecture.

Antiquities Act and Historic American Buildings Survey

The 1906 Antiquities Act allows presidential protection of historic sites, setting a precedent for future conservation efforts.
HABS documents significant American structures, serving as an invaluable preservation resource.

Jane Jacobs and Rachel Carson

Jane Jacobs: Advocated for preservation as a revitalization tool; criticized urban renewal methods in "The Death and Life of American Cities."
Rachel Carson: Sparked environmental awareness through "Silent Spring," leading to national pesticide policies and the creation of the EPA.

Influential Preservation Standards

The Venice Charter (1964) set guidelines but overlooked site context and socio-economic factors, impacting preservation practices.
National Historic Preservation Act (1966) created initiatives for preserving historic places and established the National Register.

National Initiatives and Movements

Association for Preservation Technology: Promotes knowledge exchange among preservation professionals across multiple disciplines.
National Environmental Policy Act: Established environmental preservation standards for federal projects.

Societal Impact and Urban Development

Mission 66: A program aimed at enhancing visitor services in national parks, culminating in a comprehensive infrastructure initiative.
Urban renewal efforts often displaced low-income communities, leading to challenges in responsible development and preservation.

Key Preservation Organizations

The National Trust for Historic Preservation supports local preservation efforts and collaborates with various organizations to promote heritage conservation.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key vocabulary terms from the first lecture of the Introduction to Preservation course. Important terms include 'juxtaposition,' 'facade,' and mathematical concepts like the 'Golden Ratio' and 'Fibonacci Sequence.' Test your knowledge on the language of preservation and its relation to art and architecture.