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Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of the word "ethos"?
What is the meaning of the word "ethos"?
Character
What is the meaning of the word "aesthesthai"?
What is the meaning of the word "aesthesthai"?
Perceive
What is the meaning of the word "episteme"?
What is the meaning of the word "episteme"?
Knowledge
What are the two meanings of the word "meta"?
What are the two meanings of the word "meta"?
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What are the two branches of philosophy?
What are the two branches of philosophy?
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The Principle of Excluded Middle states that a thing can be both A and not A at the same time.
The Principle of Excluded Middle states that a thing can be both A and not A at the same time.
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The Principle of Sufficient Reason states that everything exists with a sufficient reason for its being and existence.
The Principle of Sufficient Reason states that everything exists with a sufficient reason for its being and existence.
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The Principle of Non-Contradiction states that a thing cannot be both A and not A at the same time.
The Principle of Non-Contradiction states that a thing cannot be both A and not A at the same time.
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The Principle of Identity states that a thing is its own being, and not-being is not-being.
The Principle of Identity states that a thing is its own being, and not-being is not-being.
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Philosophy is distinct from other sciences because it studies only one dimension of reality.
Philosophy is distinct from other sciences because it studies only one dimension of reality.
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Science is a body of knowledge that is systematic and follows specific steps or procedures.
Science is a body of knowledge that is systematic and follows specific steps or procedures.
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Philosophy studies the first causes or highest principles of all things using the natural light of reason.
Philosophy studies the first causes or highest principles of all things using the natural light of reason.
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Aristotle believed that human beings are composed only of a physical body.
Aristotle believed that human beings are composed only of a physical body.
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Aristotle opposed Plato's Theory of Forms.
Aristotle opposed Plato's Theory of Forms.
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What school did Aristotle establish after studying under Plato?
What school did Aristotle establish after studying under Plato?
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What is the title of Plato's famous work that describes the limitations of our perception of reality?
What is the title of Plato's famous work that describes the limitations of our perception of reality?
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What is the main question that Plato's philosophy seeks to solve?
What is the main question that Plato's philosophy seeks to solve?
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What was Plato's perspective on knowledge?
What was Plato's perspective on knowledge?
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What did Socrates believe about an unexamined life?
What did Socrates believe about an unexamined life?
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How did Socrates approach philosophy?
How did Socrates approach philosophy?
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What was the focus of Socrates's philosophical inquiries?
What was the focus of Socrates's philosophical inquiries?
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How did Socrates's philosophy help people?
How did Socrates's philosophy help people?
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Socrates was born in Athens, Greece.
Socrates was born in Athens, Greece.
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Socrates cared deeply about external appearances.
Socrates cared deeply about external appearances.
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Socrates was concerned about wealth and worldly goods.
Socrates was concerned about wealth and worldly goods.
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What was Thales's contribution to philosophy?
What was Thales's contribution to philosophy?
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What is the difference that Thales's approach highlights between religion and philosophy?
What is the difference that Thales's approach highlights between religion and philosophy?
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What city is considered the birthplace of philosophy in the West?
What city is considered the birthplace of philosophy in the West?
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Who is considered the 'Father of Philosophy' in Western civilization?
Who is considered the 'Father of Philosophy' in Western civilization?
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What is the virtue of philosophy according to the text?
What is the virtue of philosophy according to the text?
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What is the most accurate definition of philosophy according to the text?
What is the most accurate definition of philosophy according to the text?
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What two Greek words does the word 'philosophy' come from?
What two Greek words does the word 'philosophy' come from?
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What is the meaning of the word 'LOVE' with respect to philosophy?
What is the meaning of the word 'LOVE' with respect to philosophy?
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What is the meaning of the word 'WISDOM' with respect to philosophy?
What is the meaning of the word 'WISDOM' with respect to philosophy?
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Study Notes
Philosophical Concepts
- Philosophy is the study of fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language
- It's a persistent pursuit of knowledge and truth
- It's considered the "mother of all sciences"
- It's a way of life
- It's a science, meaning an organized body of knowledge that is systematic and follows steps or employs procedures
- It's the study of meaning and principles underlying conduct, thought, and knowledge
- It's distinct from other sciences as it's not one-dimensional or partial, but rather multi-dimensional
- It seeks understanding of all things
Branches of Philosophy
- Metaphysics: Study of existence (what's out there?) (e.g., the nature of reality, time, space)
- Epistemology: Study of knowledge (how do I know about it?) (e.g., the nature of knowledge, justification, belief)
- Ethics: Study of action (what should I do?) (e.g., moral values, right and wrong)
- Politics: Study of force (what actions are permissible?) (e.g., the nature of power, justice, rights)
- Aesthetics: Study of art (what life can be like?) (e.g., beauty, art, taste)
Philosophical Tools and Processes
- Philosophical Questions: Philosophy was born because of ignorance. Asking questions leads to greater knowledge
- Logical Reasoning: The process of thinking about something logically to form a conclusion or judgment.
- Primary Reflection: Ability to think logically, construct arguments, and evaluate them.
- Secondary Reflection: enables us to look deeper into our experiences and see the bigger picture of reality.
- STOP sign for moral decision-making (S - Search, T - Think, O - others, P - Pray)
First Principles
- Principle of Identity: Whatever is is; whatever is not is not; everything is its own being
- Principle of Contradiction: It's impossible for a thing to be and not be at the same time
- Principle of Excluded Middle: A thing is either is or is not; there is no middle ground between being and not being that's possible
- Principle of Sufficient Reason: Nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence
Notable Philosophers
- Socrates: "An unexamined life is not worth living". He used dialogues to explore crucial questions about life. Focused on the inner world and importance of questioning for self-understanding.
- Plato: Served as a transcriber of the past. Developed the "Allegory of the Cave", exploring the dual world of the real and unreal. Sought to explain the question of the real and unreal and its impact on doing philosophy.
- Aristotle: Born around 384 BCE. Studied under Plato and established his school, the Lyceum. Opposed Plato's Theory of Forms, proposing humans consist of body and mind. Emphasised using intellect to its fullest (e.g. being a doctor rather than a fireman etc).
- Thales: He is considered the first philosopher in the West, and tried categorizing things as a unity, and highlighted the difference between religion and philosophy.
Additional Insights
- History of Philosophy: Philosophy originated in Greece.
- Definition of Philosophy: Etymologically philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom).
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in philosophy, including its definition, significance, and the various branches such as metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and politics. Engage with the core ideas that shape philosophical thought and explore how these concepts apply to understanding existence, knowledge, and values.
