Introduction to Philosophy and Critical Thinking (IGS 1104)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Introduction to Philosophy and Critical Thinking unit?

  • To prepare students for technical degrees.
  • To enhance physical education skills.
  • To assist learners in articulating life issues critically and ethically. (correct)
  • To provide students with vocational training.

    • How does the unit promote the concept of national values and cohesion?

  • By enabling students to identify and solve problems within and outside the University. (correct)
  • By emphasizing competition over collaboration.
  • By encouraging passive learning and observation.
  • By focusing solely on theoretical principles.

    • What does Competent Based Assessment (CBA) emphasize in this unit?

  • Final exams as the only measure of success.
  • Continuous participation in practical activities like debates and discussions. (correct)
  • Theoretical knowledge without practical application.
  • Individual learning without peer interaction.

    • What makes the students value-driven individuals according to the course objectives?

    <p>Their desire to build, educate, and transform society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial skill does the unit aim to develop in students as part of their education?

    <p>The ability to think critically and independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do scientists follow to develop a vaccine after initial testing in animals?

    <p>Observing the vaccine's effectiveness on various animal species before human trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inductive reasoning allows scientists to draw conclusions about universal properties based on what type of propositions?

    <p>Mixed propositions of both general and specific nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reasoning necessary for humans to attain further knowledge?

    <p>We know only portions of reality and must use reasoning to build on that knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example given regarding bodies falling, what does the repeated observation lead to?

    <p>A universal conclusion that all bodies fall towards the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of inductive arguments is emphasized in the excerpt?

    <p>The conclusions are highly probable but not certain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Philosophy and Critical Thinking (IGS 1104)

    • This course is mandatory for all first-year undergraduate students at Dedan Kimathi University of Technology.
    • It aims to develop critical, ethical, and realistic thinking skills, fostering responsible and transparent citizenship.
    • The course cultivates a reflective, innovative, and nation-cohesion-oriented mindset.
    • It emphasizes holistic education and decision-making skills, equipping students to be transformative agents in society.
    • Assessment is competency-based (60% practical, 40% examination), requiring active participation in debates, discussions, and academic writing/presentations.

    Critical Thinking

    • Defined as the ability to think clearly and independently.
    • Illustrated through the scientific method: experimentation, testing, and iterative development (e.g., vaccine creation).
    • Inductive reasoning: drawing probable conclusions from specific observations (e.g., all observed mammals have lungs, therefore, probably all mammals have lungs). Inductive conclusions are highly probable but not guaranteed.
    • Deductive reasoning: drawing specific conclusions from general principles.

    Ethics/Morals

    • Studies human acts (actions where one is responsible and can be praised or blamed), not acts of man (reflex actions).
    • Defines ethics as a method for deciding how to act and analyzing complex issues (e.g., applying economic, ecological, or ethical perspectives to global warming).
    • Ethical norms govern behavior in various professions (medicine, law, engineering, business, research).

    Moral and Non-Moral Agents

    • Moral Agent: A person responsible for their actions; possessing knowledge, freedom, and intention. They can be praised or blamed.
    • Non-Moral Agent: Individuals not responsible for their actions due to lack of knowledge, freedom, or intention (e.g., infants, mad people, the senile). Inanimate objects are also not moral agents.

    Debating: Method and Manner

    • Method: Organization and structure of arguments.
    • **Team Method:** Requires unity and consistency among team members regarding the team line and arguments.  Changing strategies mid-debate is detrimental.

    • **Individual Method:** Clear structuring of individual speeches with signposting to transition between arguments. Clarity is crucial for the audience.
    • Manner: Presentation style.
    • **Key aspects include:** eye contact, use of metaphors, storytelling, strong openings and closings, humor, varying vocal tone and pace, gestures, use of space, visual aids, audience analysis, interaction, Q&A sessions, discussion leading, adherence to time limits.

    • **Essential skills for a successful presentation** include: confidence, poise, and the ability to handle unexpected issues smoothly.

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    Related Documents

    IGS 1104 Introduction to Philosophy and Critical Thinking PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts from the IGS 1104 course, focusing on critical thinking and ethical reasoning. Students will explore methods of clear and independent thought while applying scientific methods and inductive reasoning. Mastery of these skills is vital for fostering responsible citizenship and effective communication.

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